Proceso de formación de Zaatari

The fundamental points for the design of database for the present study were: - Understanding the requirements before beginning to build the solution. - To follow the existing and accepted standards for the design.

- Writing code that is readable.

- Separate user interface and data management.

- Program codes that can be re-used.

The database design process consists of the following steps:

(1) Requirements collection and analysis

The study requires setting up microzones, setting a database for existing buildings (both for residential and other use) and setting up the population data in these microzones.

(2) Conceptual database and GIS design

The goal of this stage is to analyze the application and do a conceptual design on the application to provide a description of reality. The figure below shows the flow of the information from different entities and their organizations.

POT Bogotá Eight Municipalities DPAE Data Govt of Cundinamarca Data Other Institutions IDU/DPAE/DACD/ IDRD, ETC Other Studies Microzone los Andes Chemical Hazard, etc

Geo Database Model

Study Area Microzone Manzana Muncipality Locality Municipality Regional Municipality

Input Data Analysis

Results Input Data

Analysis

Results Input Data

GIS No GIS

Coverage Auto Cad Gis & Non Gis Database

Input

Figure 2.12.1 Organizational Design of Database

A conceptual design should reflect all the components of the designed database. The flow chart in the next page shows the different components and subcomponents of the constructed database and its hierarchical order.

Cadastrol Bogota Database Cadastrol IGAC 8 municipalities Database Census DANE 1993, Projected Data 1997 Database

POT Based Population Estimation Database Building Database Manzana Microzone Population Database Locality/Municipality Microzone Residential _ResidentialNo Building Housing Units Building Housing Units Vulnerability Function Seismic

Building Damage & Human Casualty Database Locality Microzone Vulnerability Function, Flood Vulnerability Function, Landslide Vulnerability Function Industrial Hazard Human Casualty Locality Microzone Death/Injured

Seismic event Industrial

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Landslide Flood

High Med Low High Med Low

Seismic event Industrial

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Landslide Flood

High Med Low High Med Low Building Damage

Locality Microzone

Figure 2.12.2 Components of the Database

(3) Choice of a DBMS and GIS

A decision was made to choose Personal Oracle database system to be used as the desktop database. This has all the features of a Server database but could be used in only one computer at a time. This gave an excellent solution to the need of power, flexibility and scalability of server database at very low cost.

For the Geographic Information System, ArcGIS (new version of Arc/Info family) is chosen as it is versatile, reliable and widely used GIS system. Further, most of the data collected in Bogotá are already in Arc/Info coverage while GIS data from the municipalities are in Arc/View shape file. Almost all of the entities using GIS has either Arc/Info or Arc/View software.

(4) Database and GIS system implementation

The database system implementation involves the setting up of procedures for communication between the Database System and GIS system. Through proper communication system and suitable spatial and attribute connectors, the GIS and Database system can interact with each other. Four spatial units (common connectors) were defined so that the attribute and spatial database could communicate with each other. These spatial units can be modified or deleted at any time in

the database making it flexible for database aggregation and changes. Equally, new connectors can be added to both attribute and GIS database.

- Manzana. - Microzone. - Locality. - Municipality.

Disaster Prevention & Attention Database

Oracle System

GIS System Arc/Info System Geo Database Model Manzana

Microzone Locality Municipality

2.13 Summary of Donor Activities

2.13.1 UNDP

In the mid 1980s, the Colombian government started a disaster management project with cooperation with the United Nation Development Program (UNDP). The study done by UNDP proposed to establish the disaster management system in Colombia. The project recommended establishing a National level organization to deal with disasters as well as local level organizations. The Colombian government has established the national level organization and the four local level organizations, i.e. Cali, Bogotá, Ibague and Tumaco, for high risk areas. Since then, UNDP has given assistance to the Colombian Government on this field.

UNDP has assisted rehabilitation of the Choco province, which was hit by an earthquake in 1992. The project has focused on five municipalities of Vigia de Fuerte, Carmen de Atrato, Bojaya, Murindo and Medio Atrato, and implemented the relocation of people as well as the development of agriculture. It will continue to develop community level organizations with participation of the people.

2.13.2 GTZ and KfW

GTZ has carried out the feasibility study on the Bogotá Metropolitan Area. As the results of the feasibility study, the Government of Germany, through KFW (Bank for the German Development), gives the financial assistance to the Bogotá City. The project calls “Project to Improvement of Neighborhoods SUR with Bogotá”. The project intends to develop community level planning, coordination, and administrative capacity through participation.

2.13.3 On-going Project

The disaster management project is relatively new area in Colombia and there are four disaster management projects in Colombia in 2001. The list of the projects is shown as follows:

Table 2.13.1 Summary of the Donor Activities for Disaster Management Projects in Colombia

Name Counter Part Organization

Objectives

Program for Prevention and Mitigation of the Risks in the Andean Region

Andean Region Formulation of national and sectoral policies on prevention and mitigation The recovery of earthquake

damaged area in the Atrato Medio

Direction General of Prevention and Attention of Disasters

Rehabilitation and reconstruction of the earthquake damaged area

Disaster prevention in the Bogotá Metropolitan Area

Direction of Prevention and Attention of Disasters

Formulation of disaster prevention master plan in the Bogotá City.

Donation of Medical equipment for four hospitals in Quindio Prefecture

Ministry of Health Renewal of medical equipment in the earthquake damaged area

2.13.4 Emergency Assistance

1) Armenian Earthquake

The Colombian government received assistance from various organizations for rehabilitation of the coffee-growing region. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) would provide about US$ 180 million and other donors (USAID, the Government of Italy and Spain) would provide US$ 70 million. The World Bank provided US$ 225 million for the various projects. The projects are consists of the five groups: 1) shelter assistance, 2) rehabilitation and retrofitting of social infrastructure, 3) rehabilitation of public infrastructure, 4) capacity building for natural disaster management, 5) social capital restoration and 6) project management.

To rehabilitate Armenian area, the Colombian government established a new organization, Fondo para la Reconstrucción y Desarrollo Social del Eje Cafetero (FOREC), to finance, execute, and coordinate the economic, social and ecological reconstruction of the disaster affected region2-12-1_. The organization is just for reconstruction of the coffee growing area and only limited to three years. FOREC organizes 32 Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) to reconstruct the areas. It is estimated that the more than 90 percent of the funds is invested to the reconstruction of the area.