Another form of apoptosis was discovered by a Japanese study in the case of neuroblastomas, which tend to regress when a certain amount of H-Ras protein has accumulated in cells (1042-43)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/articolo%20sul%20NONU%20(morinda%20citrifolia)%20attiva%20contro%20tumore%20al%20cerve llo_2.pdf
It probably occurs also in the case of glioblastomas (astrocytomas of III or IV degree of malignancy). It was observed that this kind of tumour regressed in human beings after administering plant extracts inducing the production of the same vitamin (H-Ras) in glioblastomas. (1173)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Suicidio%20di%20cellule%20tumorali%20del%20cervello%20(glioblastomi)%20e%20del%20cancro %20gastrico%20via%20APOPTOSI-INDIPENDENTE.pdf
In the case of brain tumours, Morinda citrifolia extracts are particularly important (1043). which induced RAS expression and caspase-independent Neuroblastoma cell death.
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/articolo%20sul%20NONU%20(morinda%20citrifolia)%20attiva%20contro%20tumore%20al%20cerve llo_2.pdf
Other plants such as Hypericum perforatum, Melissa officinalis, Momordica carantia, Betula alba,
Yucca schidigera (1118) and Gardenia species are currently being studied (1061)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Geniposide,%20contenuto%20nel%20frutto%20di%20Gardenia,%20fa%20suicidare%20cellule%20del %20tumore%20del%20cervello.pdf.
Alpha-Bisabolol, a sesquiterpene alcohol in Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) essential oil, could be considered as a promising inducer of apoptosis in highly malignant glioma cells (1568) A significant effect on the treatment of glioma was reported using Elemene which is found in small amounts in many essential oils: it prolonged quality survival time of 40 patients with glioma (1574) Note: Morinda citrifolia is inhibition of angiogenic initiation and disruption of newly established human vascular (1172).
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/articolo%20sul%20NONU%20(morinda%20citrifolia)%20attiva%20contro%20tumore%20al%20cerve llo_1.pdf
The author therefore prefers to use the term Pseudo-Apoptosis, to better differentiate this mechanism from Apoptosis proper, as described above.
---
One particular aspect concerns medicines, phyto-medicines, vitamin substances or minerals, or of other types, which have a selective anti-tumoral action on cancer cells alone, by means of inducing apoptosis or pseudo-apoptosis like (from: http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/allpdf.php )
The cruciferous vegetables (809)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/INDOLI%20e%20ISOTIOCIANATI%20delle%20crucifere%20o%20%20brassicacee.pdf
Glucosinolates (1137)http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Glucosinolati.pdf
Volatile isoprenoid constituents of fruit, vegetables and herbs, for leukaemia and melanoma (1141)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/TATMAN%20(%20ARTICOLO%SUGLI%20%20ISOPRENOIDI).pdf
Bioflavonoids for Leukaemia (1130) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/azione%20di%20anti- leucemia%20dei%20bioflavonoidi_2.pdf
Baicalin and Baicalein (718, 1563,1564). Quercetin for Leukaemia (1146, 1561)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Quercitina%20apoptosi%20su%20LEUCEMIA.pdf )
Quercetin for oral cancer (1370) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/quercetina.pdf
Quercetin for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (1560) and colonrectal cancer (1562)
Limonene induces the formation of apoptotic bodies on BCG-823 gastric cancer cells in a dose-and time –dependent manner (1565) and induced significant reductions of hepatocellular carcinomas (1566).
Limonene showed anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects on human gastric cancer implanted in nude mice, thus inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis (1577).
Essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) was found to be effective against a series of human cancer cell lines(1567).
Artemisia annua induced apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma (Li Y.: Induction of apoptosis of cultured
hepatocarcinoma cell by essential oil of Artemisia annua (1569)
Eucalyptol (Eucalyptus globules, Elettaria cardamomum) on human leukaemia HL-60 cells showed induction of apoptosis (1570)
The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia and its major monoterpene alcohol (terpinen 4-ol) were able to induce caspase – dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells (1571).
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/terpenoide%20di%20olio%20di%20Melaleuca%20alternifolia%20induce
%20apoptosi%20su%20MELANOMA.pdf
The essential oil of Tetraclinis articulate (conifer tree) showed the hallmarks of apoptosis when tested on a number of human cancer cell lines including melanoma, breast and ovarian cancer in addition to peripheral blood lymphocytes (1572)
Cudrania tricuspidata induces apoptosis in human leukaemia (1573)
Pomegranate seed oil (Punica granatum) contains a coniugated trienoic fatty acid as a principal ingredient, which can induce apoptosis in several cancer cell (1576)
Alisma plantago acquatica induces apoptosis in human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and human fibrosarcoma (1559-1600) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/ALISMA%20PLANTAGO-AQUATICA.pdf
Ellipticine of Ochrosia elliptica for breast cancer (1135)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Ocrosia%20elliptica%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20cancro%20della%20mammella.pdf
Carnosic acid (712).
Diosmin (as Tribulus terrestris) induce apoptosis on osteosarcoma (1134)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/DIOSGENINA%20fa%20suicidare%20cellule%20dell’OSTEOSARCOMA.pdf
Betulinic acid for melanoma, neuroblastoma, leukaemia, malignant brain-tumors (1036-1041,
1127,1128,1166, 1603)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/betulla_1.pdf
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/betulla_2.pdfhttp://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/betulla_3.pdf )
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Acido%20betulinico%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20tumori%20neuroectodermali.pdf
Mimosa species (1142) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/MIMOSA%20fa%20suicidare%20cellule%20tumorali.pdf
The berries of Pittosporum tobira and Chamerops excelsa (84).
Emodine-aloe (333,487,715) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/allpdf.php
Flavonoids (1122)http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Flavonoidi%20promettenti%20agenti%20anticancro.pdf
Catechin (1123,1186),
Vitamins A, D and E (SEE chap.3).
Citrus limonum (693)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/FLAVONOIDI%20contenuti%20nel%20Limone20%provocano%20APOPTOSI.pdf
Allium sativum (694,696,1369) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/aglio_provoca_apoptosi_del_cancro_del_polmone.pdf http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/AGLIO%20provoca%20apoptosi%20in%20cancro%20della%20PROSTATA_2.pdf ; http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/aglio%20induce%20apoptosi%20sulla%20leucemia%20mieloide%20cronica.htm http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/DIFFERENZA%20fra%20ALLINASI%20di%20AGLIO%20FRESCO%20ed%estratto.pdf
Rosmarinus officinalis (1062).
Sutherlandia frutescens (1147) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/sutherlandia%20frutescens.pdf
Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis (714, 1606) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Uncaria_species.pdf
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Uncaria_species%20azione%20antiproliferativa%20degli%20acidi%20uncarinici%20di%20Uncaria.pd f
Acacetin (1165)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/ACACETINA%20induce%20APOPTOSI%20su%20cancro%20del%20fegato.pdf
Two bioflavonoids (Apigenin and Quercetin) inhibit metastatic potential of melanoma (1609)
The metanolic extract of the flowers of Hypericum perforatum, Vaccinium vitis idaea, Bacopa
monnieri (640),
Various flavenoids (Wagonin, Fisetin) for human hepatic-carcinoma (713).
Capsicum frutescens, fasciculatum or annuum on leukaemia and prostate cancer (1351,1598)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/peperoncino%20efficace%20su%20leucemia.pdf )
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Capsaicina%20(peperoncino)%20induce%20APOPTOSI%20in%20cellule%20del%20cancro%20della %20prostata%20sia%20androgeno-positive%20che%20androgeno-negative.pdf
Curcumina induce apoptosis in lung cancer (1133)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/curcuma%20provoca%20APOPTOSI%20(SUICIDIO)%20di%20cellule%20del%20cancro%20del%20 polmone.pdf
It’s in Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria , currently under experiment in vitro only on leukaemia [690], but already mentioned by Castore Durante even in 1617; inhibition of metastases (1161).
Many other plants, still being studied to verify their possible toxicity according to dosage, such as:
Thalictrum acutifolium for lung cancer (711).
Sophora flavescens for leukaemia (716)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Sophora%20flavescens%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20leucemia.htm
Hibiscus sabdaiffa, experimented in vitro only on human leukaemia (692),
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/ibisco_induce_apoptosi_su_leucemia_e_retinoblastoma.pdf
Ursolic acid(700)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Acido%20ursolico%20(Asparago)%20induce%20apoptosi.htm
Altholactone induced apoptosis on leukaemia (1125 )
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/altolactone%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20leucemia.pdf
Elemene (Curcuma zedoaria and another plants), induced apoptosis in leukaemia (1409).
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/elemene_zedoaria_provoca_apoptosi_nella_leucemia.pdf
Organic Germanium on lung cancer (269)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Germanium%20132%20un%20caso%20clinico%20di%20cancro%20polmonare.pdf
Carotenoids induced apoptosis in prostate cancer (1366)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/carotenoidi%20sono%20fattori%20attivi%20contro%20il%20cancro%20della%20prostata.pdf
Cianidine 3-Glucoside and Peonidine 3-Glucoside induced apoptosis on cancer (1368)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Riso%20indiano%20(CIANIDINE)%20inducono%20APOPTOSI%20su%20cellule%20del%20cancro. pdf
Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids (1129) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/azione%20di%20anti- leucemia%20dei%20bioflavonoidi_1.pdf,
Alkaloides of Gelsemium sempervirens induced apoptosis on liver cancer (699)
Essential oils of plants induced apoptosis on cancer and leukaemia ( 1371)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/gli%20olii%20essenziali%20.pdf
Manganese Superoxide Dismutasis induced apoptosis on mesotelioma (1365)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Manganese-Superossido%20Desmutasi-%20apoptosi%20del%20mesotelioma%20pleurico.pdf
Curcumina and Quercitina induced apoptosis on adenoma (1410)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/cipolla%20e%20curcuma%20efficaci%20contro%20i%20polipi%20precancerosi%20dell’intestino.pdf
Curcumina and Isothiocyanates (PEITC) induced apoptosis on prostate cancer (1352)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/curcuma%20longa%20e%20isotiocianati%20(Crucifere).pdf
Pereskia bleo for breast cancer (1144)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/PERESKIA%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20cancro%20della%20mammella.pdf
Panax ginseng (1170,1171)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/GINSENG/%20pianta%20che%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20molti%20tumori%20maligni_1.pdf
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/GINSENG/%20pianta%20che%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20molti%20tumori%20maligni_2.pdf
Resveratrol (1162) in the Polygonum cuspidatum, Vitis vinifera and in Yucca schidigera (1118)which is characterized by its apoptotic activity p53-dependent on Melanoma, by depolarizing
mitochondrial membranes (activating Caspase-9 ) in Acute Leukaemia (1121,1148,1605), in the Breast cancer (1608) and also its anti-angiogenese properties (695)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/resveratrolo_2.pdf
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/resveratrolo%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20melanoma.pdf http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/resveratrolo_1.pdf
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Resveratrolo%20induce%20apoptosi%20sulla%20Leucemia.pdf http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/allpdf.php
Gordonia axillaris, tested on human tumors (698) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/camellina%20B_(english).pdf
The rhizome of Atractylodes ovata tested on leukaemia (704).
Solanum lyratum for cancer of the liver (705)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/apoptosi%20di%20cancro%del%20fegato%20con%20varie%20piante%20cinesi_1.pdf
Lepidozamia peroffskyana (1044).
Boswellia carterii tested on leukaemia (704).
Drinaria fortunei which has proven effective against human osteoclast (717), and according to the author should be tried on osteolithic bone metastasis or Multiple Myeloma.
Phyllanthus urinaria against lung cancer (720)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/PHYLLATHUS%20provoca%20APOPTOSI%20su%20tumori.pdf
Salvia miltiorrhiza is still being evaluated for its possible toxic effects (Tujone), but apoptosis on epatocarcinoma (708,1115,1116) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/salvia%20%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20tumori.pdf
and Leukaemia (1575)
Camellia sinensis (173,1123,1124, 1159, 1160,1164,1186) http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/the%20verde_2.pdf http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/the%20verde_3.pdf
Tartary buckwheat flavonoid activates caspase 3 and induces apoptosis in cancer (1064).
Zingiber officinale (6-paradol) activates caspase 3 (1143)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Zenzero%20induce%20APOPTOSI%20su%20LEUCEMIA%20con%206-paradolo%20e%206- gingerolo.pdf
Sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide, the principal active component in medicinal plants (es.:
Tanacetum parthenium), induced apoptosis in toumors, depletion of Glutathione, generation of reactive oxygen species, activation of Caspases 7,8,9, overexpression of GADD153, an anticancer agent inducibile gene, and subsequent apoptotic cell death. (701)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/PARTENOLIDE%20induce%20APOPTOSI%20su%20diversi%20tipi%20di%20tumori%20maligno.p df
Goniothalamin of Goniothalamus species (1138,1139)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/GONIOTALAMINA%20induce%20APOPTOSI%20su%20cellule%20della%20LEUCEMIA_1.pdf
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/GONIOTALAMINA%20induce%20APOPTOSI%20su%20cellule%20della%20LEUCEMIA_2.pdf
Boswellic acid induces apoptosis in metastatic melanoma and fibrosarcoma (1131)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/acido%20boswellico%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20cellule%20del%20melanoma%20e%20del%20 fibrosarcoma.pdf
Citrus species induced apoptosis in cancer, with beta Cryptoxanthin and Hesperidin (1063)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Ciproxantina%20e%20Esperidina.pdf
In Calabria (Italy) Citrus aurantium bergamia (Bergamot orange) is being cultivated.
In the following work, many food plants included in the diet of several people and having advantageous medical properties are reported (1149-1153).
Spinaches also have effects on papillomas (1154)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/spinaci%20sono%20efficaci%20su%20papillomi_(english).php
Equally important is organic Selenium (1155)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Selenio%20induce%20APOPTOSI%20su%20cellule%20del%20carcinoma.pdf
Alpinia oxyphylla (Zingiberaceae) in human promielocytic leukaemia (1156)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/alpinia%20species%20induce%20apoptosi%20su%20leucemia%20promielocitica.pdf ).
Another process of apoptosis induced by woodfordin I in human leukaemia K562 cells (1157)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/EPILOBIO%20Chamaenerion%20angustifolium%20(woodfordin%201)%20induce%20apoptosi%20su %20leucemia.pdf
Chlorophyllin and chlorophyll are modulation of apoptosis (1158)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/clorofilla%20e%20clorofillina%20inducono%20APOPTOSI.pdf
Pentacyclic triterpenes from Chrysobalanaceae species have cytotoxicity on leukaemia (1167). Inhibition of human breast cancer growth by Genistein (1168)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/GENISTEINA%20fa%20suicidare%20cellule%20del%20cancro%20della%20mammella.pdf
Several major ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines are under study in human hepatoma (1169).
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/apoptosi%20di%20cancro%del%20fegato%20con%20varie%20piante%20cinesi_2.pdf
Anche l’alcool perillico induce apoptosi di tumori, sia cancri che leucemie (1556-1559)
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Perillyl%20alcohol%20(Monoterpene)%20against%20cancer.pdf )
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Perillyl%20alcohol%20(Monoterpene)%20induces%20APOPTOSIS%20on%20CARCINOMA.pdf )
http://www.erbeofficinali.org/dati/nacci/studi/Perillyl%20alcohol%20inhibits%20human%20breast%20cancer.pdf )
Many other plants exist, and have been collected in particular extracts for therapeutic use, not only as plants with potential apoptotic and pseudo apoptotic use but also as immune stimulating plants (chap.9) and/or with an anti-oxidative action (SEE chap.3).
On the basis of recent discoveries about the apoptotic induction of the seeds of Momordica
charantia (639), particular interest is currently being shown to the seeds of other plants such as
Helianthus annuus (sunflower); Citrus paradisi (grapefruit); Cucumis melo (melon); Cucumis
sativus (cucumber); Citrullus vulgaris (water melon, red melon); Solanum lycopersicum (tomato);
Solanum melongena (aubergine/eggplant); Rubus idaeus (raspberry); Actinidia chinensis (kiwi);
Citrus aurantium (orange) and Vitis vinifera.
A matter of grave concern is that large GMO seed firms are putting on the global agricultural market fruits with no seeds inside, in particular the following: Cucumis melo, Citrus limonum,
Citrullus vulgaris, Solanum lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera.
Seeds are deemed significant anti-cancer agents essentially because they contain the well-known vitamin B17 (chapter 7).
Another modifications are: GMO-Brassica rapa (turnip, 968), GMO-Brassica oleracea botrytis (cauliflower,968), Prunusdomestica(1013), Citrusparadisi(1014),etc….
Pueraria species induced apoptosis on human toumors for the contents of Antocyanin (apoptosis on toumors) but the contents of Antocyanin of the Pueraria GMO were dramatically decreased by 40% (1119).
It is a particularly serious thing to try to genetically modify Allium sativum (Cultivated garlic) and
Allum cepa (Garden onion) because these plants contain particularly precious anti-cancer substances (SEE chapter 3).
Recently, also Solanum Lycopersicum (tomato) has been made a target for the introduction of GMO: in particular the gene of the Solanum pennellii has been introduced, thus determining an increased level of glycemia in this food, causing a further risk in cancer patients and those with diabetes.
The author of this work, dr. Giuseppe Nacci, thinks that genetic modification of plants (GM plants) is an unacceptable damage for human health, not only for the subtraction of vitamin B17 in human feeding, but also of many other vitamins that have an apoptotic activity.
The question that was asked was thus the following: is it possible that chemo-pharmaceutical multinationals, that is, those producing drugs for CHEMO-THERAPY, want to destroy the natural heritage of hundreds of anti-tumour vitamins contained in fruit and vegetables so that, in the next decades, they can “cancel out the competition of alternative therapies” thus making CHEMO-THERAPY the only possible therapy against cancer?
Even though the issue can seem complex, I would like to focus on the following data: the wicked alliance between GMO Multinationals and Chemo-pharmaceutical Multinationals.