Producción de pasas para venta a procesadores

• Monitoring electricity consumption of baggage handling systems, passenger conveyor belts, escalators, air conditioning systems and lighting, etc.

Global climate change: Airports can work to reduce energy and ground fleet fuel consumption

that has a beneficial effect on C02 and other emissions affecting climate change. Airports can

also influence the sources and types of energy and fuel, design for lower consumption, and manage their use and storage of ozone depleting substances. For example, all CFC equipment at airports can be removed and replaced by more modern equipment.

Noise: Managing and finding solutions to aircraft and ground noise is an important priority for

airports. Addressing aircraft noise requires working in partnership with airlines, air traffic control, aircraft and engine manufacturers, national governments, international organisations and the local

community. Voluntary agreements with partners can be successful, as can developing technical and operational measures to improve the noise environment (such as installing effective noise measuring instruments).

Managing ground noise involves technical improvements to equipment. This can include: the provision of fixed servicing equipment, which avoids the use of aircraft auxiliary power units and ground power units, and; management instructions and controls to ensure that correct use is made of equipment and that construction activities do not produce excessive noise. It can also include the construction of special 'noise suppression facilities' used for engine ground running and

engine testing; and the construction of 'sound walls' to reduce noise disturbance for neighbouring communities.

Land-use planning and zoning, land acquisition, noise protection or insulation programmes also help to optimise the benefits from quieter aircraft, and to prevent the unnecessary encroachment of residential development into noise sensitive airport areas.

Land use planning and management: Noise nuisance from overflight, take-off or landing is

primarily due to the absence of adequate land-use planning and management in and around airports. In many countries, land-use planning and zoning is the responsibility of national, regional

and local municipalities. Each airport has its own geographical, political, economic and historical characteristics and there is no single land-use planning and management approach. Compatible land-use planning and management helps to minimise noise impact around airports and to safeguard traffic growth.

Landscaping: Landscaping can improve the quality of the environment for people who work at,

travel to, or live near an airport. It can also play a role in integrating the airport into the surrounding

community if partnerships are developed with local communities, local authorities, environmental charities and land owners.

Materials: Particular care must be taken over the management and treatment of hazardous

waste

and chemicals. Environmentally hazardous materials like toxic chemicals, heavy metals, etc. should, where possible, be replaced by more responsible alternatives.

Water consumption: The reduction of water consumption at an airport can be achieved by

installing equipment that is water efficient (e.g. replacing old sanitary equipment) and finding ways to influence or provide incentives to airport tenants and other airport users to lower their consumption of water. Another option is to make use of rainwater or to re-circulate/recycle water.

Water quality: Water quality management and the avoidance of water contamination can be

achieved in a number of ways. Large infrastructure projects can be developed that protect local watercourses from flood and pollution. Staff awareness and training programmes are important to prevent careless behaviour and accidents, and clear instructions and controls can ensure that potential contaminants are properly disposed of and that drainage systems are used correctly.

146

Waste management: Solutions to waste management must generally involve the airport's

business partners, since many airports handle waste on behalf of airlines, retailers and tenants. These partners need to be encouraged to reduce waste generation and to recycle where it is operationally practical. Other measures for consideration are how the recycled material and waste

is disposed of after collection — as well as specialised training and awareness programmes to minimise the risk of air, ground and water contamination from fuel, chemical waste, dangerous materials and oil spills.

E1.3 IATA RECOMMENDATIONS

E1.IR1 Environmental Policy

1

E l . _{icient Apron Design Characteristics}

In an effort 0 reduce fuel consumption and emissions from aircraft, the length and geographical position of runways should be optimised wherever possible. The objective should be to maximise aircraft efficiency during take-off and landing procedures.

Particular attention should be given to the design of rapid exit taxiways, which should be designed

in accordance with ICAO Annex 14 clause 3.8. Particular attention should be observed to the requirements of Figure 3-2, Rapid Exit Taxiway.

E1.IR3 Business Partner Environmental Strategy

Airport operators should actively work with their business partners, such as the airlines, the ground handlers, the aircraft fuel suppliers, as well as the water companies and the building electricity and gas suppliers etc, to ensure that all hazardous materials are properly used and disposed of while at the airport

The airport operator and alt its business partners should collectively work together to ensure o-- 'dl efficiency of the airport by developing specific energy efficiency targets.

Environmental Issues