PROGRAMA DE ENTRENAMIENTO CONDUCTUAL DE PADRES DE NIÑOS HIPERACTIVOS (BARKLEY 1995)

Competency level 16.1 : Plans to avoid environmentaly hazardous activities related to agriculture.

Duration : 04 periods.

Learning outcomes :

• States that environmental pollution can take place under various circumstances in agriculture.

• Names agricultural activities which adversely affect the environment.

• Describes the adverse effects on the environment by disorderly and unsuitable agricultural practices.

• Describes how to carry out environment friendly cultivation.

• Proposes methodologies to minimize environmental Hazards caused by agricultural practices.

Teaching-learning process: Engagement :

• Present a picture that consists of either unsystematic or unsuitable practices in agriculture or a disaster caused by same.

• Conduct a discussion highlighting the following points in relation to the picture. • There are bad practices in agriculture as a result of commercialization and

urbanization

• There is a bad impact on the environment due to harmful practices in agriculture. • There are various methods to overcome this situations

Proposed instructions for learning:

• Focus your attention on the adverse impacts caused by agricultural activities as listed below.

Group I Group II

• Usage of unsuitable methods for land preparation

• Improper usage of fertilizer • Unsystematic pesticide application

• Improper water management • Improper disposal of wastage • Non application of c farming

• Discuss the topic assigned to you with your group.

• Describe the adverse impacts made by the topics assign for you. • Describe the preventive action that can be taken to avoid these impacts • Design a posters to convey the message

• Present you finding to the whole class.

Guidelines to the explanation of subject matter:

• Conduct a discussion highlighting the following points.

• Improper agricultural activities result in Air Pollution, Bio Pollution underground water pollution and surface water pollution

• Failure to select crops suit to the land, results soil erosion eg. Steepy land

• Removing soil cover and using of wrong equipment and inproper land preparation results soil erosion

• As a result of not following soil conservation methods, soil erosion takes place • As a result of the failure to identify the deficiencies and failure to apply required

fertilizer leads to the following affects

• Excess Nitrates, Phosphates, and Sulphate accumulate in rivers, brooks and brooklets and pollute the surface and underground water

• Animals and humans are subject to diseases

• Disturbances to Hydrolic, Carbon and Oxygen cycles

• Excessive and non formal usage of pesticides and weedicides lead to the following damage

• effects muscular growth and respiration of insects • liable to cause diseases and destriction of useful animals • mutation in plants

• breakdown of food chain • pollution of soil and water

• Disorders in disposal of waste results in water and air pollution eg. Contamination by urine and dung

• Improper irrigation systems, and lack of maintenance of drainage systems leads to environmental pollution

• As a result of not failure to apply cropping systems and cropping patterns leads to environmental pollution

• To minimize environmental pollution made by adverse agricultural practices, the following steps can be applied

(eg. Salt (slopy agricultural land technique), contour bunds, stone bunds • Usage of suitable cropping systems and cropping patterns

• Integration of crop cultivation and animal husbandry • Usage of Organic fertilizer

• application of green manure

• biological nitrogen fixation by means of pulse crops • usage of crop residues as litter (stubble)

• usage of compost • usage of animal manure • usage of wormy compost

• Selecting of local crop varieties and carrying out breeding programmes

• Cultivation of crops which are suitable for the area and are resistant to pests and diseases

• Usage of improved low-cost and with low labour consumption requirement, equipments from the point of land preparation and to the point harvesting

• Control of pests, diseases and weeds by using local biological methods • Usage of integrated pest management system

Competency level 16.2 : Plans ecofriendly cropping systems and cropping patterns

Duration : 05 periods.

Learning outcomes :

• Describes various cropping systems and cropping patterns.

• Describes that cropping systems and cropping patterns can be applied without damaging the environment.

• Describes the advantages and disadvantages of each system.

• Studies and names the cropping systems and cropping patterns used in the school garden and others in the area.

• Describes the possibility of increasing harvest per unit area by applying various cropping patterns.

Teaching-learning process: Engagement :

• Present a photograph of a chena cultivation. • Let students study the photograph.

• Conduct a discussion highlighting undermentioned points. That,

• Chena cultivation is a conventional cropping system in Sri Lanka. • Other than chena cultivation there are other cropping systems • Dry farming

• Integrated farming system • Conservative farming

• There are various cropping patterns within a cropping system • Crop rotation

• Inter cropping • Mixed cropping • Relay cropping • Animal crop rotation

• Cropping systems and cropping patterns should be used to increase harvest per unit area

Proposed instructions for learning:

• Focus your attention on the topic assigned to your group regarding cropping systems and cropping patterns.

• Use the resource book.

• Identify the cropping system and cropping pattern assigned to your group.

• Describe the application of the cropping system and cropping patterns assigned to you.

• Name the crop/crop groups which can be cultivated under the said cropping system and cropping pattern.

• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these.

• Collect information about the places, either in your school garden or any other place in your area, where the cropping system and cropping patterns are in use.

• Prepare to present your findings to the class.

Guidelines to the explanation of subject matter:

• Conduct a discussion highlighting the following points. That,

• Chena cultivation is a conventional cultivation practices mainly used in the dry zone in Sri Lanka using only rain water

• Shifting of land in practice

• There are various steps in chena cultivation • land clearance

• burning • fencing

• Short term crops such as upland rice and maize is cultivated in chenas • There are advantages and disadvantages in chena cultivations

• Areas where the annual rainfall is less than 508 mm, cultivation done using the scantly available water effectively is referred as dry farming

• Principles of dry farming are applied in Sri Lanka for cultivation • there should be a system to retain rain water in this practice • There are various methods for same

• adding of organic matter • mulching of soil

• In dry farming from the point of land preparation to harvesting, in each step necessary measures have to be taken for water conservation

Group 3 • Conservation farming • Inter cropping • Mix cropping Group 2 • Integrated farming • Animal crop rotation • Relay cropping

Group 1

• Chena cultivation • Dry farming • Crop rotation

• There are advantages and disadvantages in dry farming

• Contribution of byproducts as raw-material for another product and exchange benefits among Crop production Animal husbandry and Power Generation in one single location is referred to as the integrated farming system.

• There are various units under the integrated farming system • Crop cultivation

• Power generation • Animal husbandry • Pasture cultivation

• There are advantages and disadvantages in the integrated farming system • Usage of suitable strategies to conserve soil, water and nutrients, in sustainable

crop cultivation by securing bio diversity referred to as conservation farming • There are various steps followed to conserve organisms, water and soil • There are sub units in conservation farming

• Agro forestry (Silvi culture)

• Crop stubble and mulching systems • There are advantages in Agro forestry

• In alley cropping selected tree crops are planted along the alleys and the intended crops are planted between the ally ways

• There are advantages is alley cropping

• Diversification of agro forestry has become a multiple level cropping system • Kandiyan Homegardesns are an example of the multiple layer cropping system • Water and soil conservation can be done by applying crop stubbles and mulching • In addition to the original crop cultivated in a field crop or crops cultivated without

disturbing the original crop is referred to as intercultivation • There are various advantages and disadvantages

• Cultivation of annual, biannual and perennial crops in a block of land, without creating a competition between the categories with equal care to maximize the level of utilization is referred as mixed cropping

• In chena cultivation, and Kandyan home garden, mixed cropping is applied • Various factors have to be considered when selecting crops for mixed cropping • There are advantages and disadvantages in mixed cropping

• When a crop ends its vegetative growth stage and reach the re-producing stage, cultivation of another crop in the same place is referred to as relay - cropping • There are various advantages and disadvantage in this system

• A set of identified crops cultivated systematically in a field, changing seasonally is referred as crop rotation

• There is an importance in crop rotation

• There are various factors to be considered in the selection of crops for crop- rotation

• There are various factors to be considered in the selection of crops for crop rotation

• Seasonal cultivation of crops and the use of animals in one particular field in rotation systems referred to as animal crop rotation

• In this, method, the field divided into three sections for, crop cultivation, rearing of animals and cultivation of pasture

Competency 17.0 : Plans to apply principles of economics to improve productivity