Programa de Mantenimiento

The functionality that we have assessed in the TRACnet programme has been the ability to enable a widespread enrolment and adherence to anti-retroviral treatments for HIV/AIDS treatment across a country.

We have assessed the impact by looking at the annual reduction in death rates through enrolment in an anti-retroviral programme for AIDS patients. This is used to estimate the reduction in annual deaths by estimating the number of annual deaths from AIDS in remote areas. The impact is for one year’s activity.

The formula used was:

 value of life years saved per annum = (population in technologically remote areas) * (AIDS death rate per 100,000 population) * (reduction in annual rate through HIV intervention) * (3 * GDP per head)

Rwanda Impact Source:

Population outside mobile network 1,846,000 people ITU African Telecommunications Yearbook 2008

Multiplied by Annual death rate from AIDS per 100,000 232 deaths per 100,000 population

WHO data ---

Annual AIDS deaths in areas outside mobile network

4,283 deaths

Multiplied by

Reduction in annual death rates through ART 81% reduction in deaths Mermin et al (2008) ---

Annual lives saved outside mobile network 3,490 lives saved calculation

Multiplied by Value of each additional year of life (three times

national GDP per capita)

$320 WHO WHOSIS

---

Annual value of saving annual lives $3,350,039 calculation

We undertook a similar analysis for 39 SSA countries using country specific demographic and health data. Aggregating these results, the potential benefits were:

 477,873 annual years of life saved

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Pharmaceuticals Tracking

For 43 sub-Saharan African countries on which we could get data have calculated the annual expenditure on pharmaceuticals based on the international price gross domestic product from the World Bank and the share of GDP expended on health reported by WHO. This produces an estimated $19.9bn expenditure on health in sub-Saharan African from a total economy of $450bn.

The impact of pharmaceuticals theft is then calculated as follows for all of sub-Saharan Africa. It would be possible to provide a similar calculation for individual countries.

Variable Source:

Estimated total SSA Health Expenditure $19,936mn PwC calculation from World Bank and WHO data

Multiplied by

Share of pharmaceuticals in total health expenditure 10%-30% CMI Institute (provided by QinetiQ) ---

Pharmaceuticals expenditure in SSA $1,994mn-$5,981mn calculation Multiplied by

Estimated pharmaceuticals stock loss 15% CMI Institute (provided by QinetiQ) ---

Estimated value of pharmaceuticals stock loss in sub-Saharan Africa

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GENERAL REMARK: The glossary explains general, well-known and non-SSA-specific terms such as IT-related ones in detail, while for important entities for the SSA region only the acronym is expanded. Likewise, the core concepts of CAPEX and OPEX are, e.g., not included. (It would also be nice, even though not mandatory, to include web addresses for the most relevant organisations, in particular for the African and TTF member organisations.)

Term Definition

AAP African Access Point (add short explanation)

AGETIC Agency for Information Technology and Communication

ART Anti retroviral treatment

ARV Anti-retroviral

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange. This is a character encoding based on the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that work with text.

AU African Union http://www.africa-union.org/

Bandwidth In computer networks, bandwidth is often used as a synonym for data transfer rate - the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period (usually a second). This kind of bandwidth is usually expressed in bits (of data) per second (bps). Occasionally, it's expressed as bytes per second (Bps).

Bluetooth Wireless radio technology

CAPEX Capital Expenditure. Money spent to acquire or upgrade physical assets such as buildings, machinery or equipment. Also called capital spending or capital expense.

eAdministration Electronic Administration. Denotes the use of information and communication technology to support the communication and information transmission in and outside the public authority (CC eGov 2004).

ECA Economic Commission for Africa. The Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) was established by the

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations (UN) in 1958 as one of the UN's five regional commissions. ECA's mandate is to promote the economic and social development of its member States, foster intra-regional integration, and promote international cooperation for Africa's development.

www.uneca.org

eLearning Electronic learning. The process of formal and informal learning and training activities, processes, communities and events via the use of all electronic media like the Internet, intranet, extranet, CD-ROM, video tape, TV, cell phones, personal organisers, etc, (de Leeuwe 2004)

eSurveillance Electronic surveillance. Using information and communication technologies to carry out or support

surveillance. Surveillance: Routinely collecting data to examine the extent of a disease, to follow trends, and to detect changes in disease occurrence, e.g. infectious disease surveillance, postmarking surveillance (Handbook MI Glossary 2004).

GSM Global System for Mobile communications. This is the most popular global standard for mobile phones.

IICD International Institute for Communication and Development is a non-profit foundation that specialises in

Annex D – Glossary

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Term Definition

information and communications technology (ICT) as a tool for development. www.iicd.org

MDGs Millennium Development Goals. In 2000, 189 nations adopted the Millennium Declaration and its eight goals, known as the Millennium Development Goals to improve the health and welfare of the world’s poorest people.

NEPAD New Partnership for African Development is a vision and strategic framework for Africa’s Renewal. www.nepad.org

OPEX Operating Expenditure. Expenses arising in the normal course of operating a business or programme. An example of an operating expense is a utility bill.

PDA Personal Digital Assistant

Pendragon software Pendragon Software Corporation, based in Illinois, USA, is a leading developer of software for Palm OS handheld devices.

Perinatal The perinatal period commences at 22 completed weeks (1 54 days) of gestation (the time when birth weight is normally 500 g), and ends seven completed days after birth (World Health Organisation).

VOIP Voice Over Internet Protocol

VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminals. A type of interactive satellite earth station typically installed at user’s premises and generally characterised by a small antenna dish (European Journal of Medical Research, March 15, 2005).

WHO World Health Organisation. WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends. www.who.int

WideRay Jack The WideRay jack is a brand name device that has built-in technology that automatically configures to cellular networks. Once the cellular connection has been made with the jack, PDAs can use the WideRay jack to retrieve up-to-date medical journals and information, transfer files to and from the network and send and receive e-mail. WideRay jacks are portable and can be wall-mounted in high-traffic areas and accessed by multiple PDA users. These jacks can support simultaneous synching of multiple PDAs within a 15 foot range.

WiFi WiFi is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used in home networks, mobile phones, video games and other electronic devices that require some form of wireless networking capability.