As with the general population, the primary aim in the management of gingival disease in children is to remove the aetiologic agent, provide curative treatment and establish a successful maintenance protocol. Together, these approaches prevent the recurrence and advancement of gingival disease and decrease the probability of tooth loss. However, unlike the general population, children with ID may have special considerations such as physical, intellectual and emotional challenges (chapter 12). Irrespective of the type of challenge, the primary aim of management remains the same. A sound understanding of various types of gingival disease affecting children may assist to distinguish between plaque-induced and non- plaque induced diseases and contribute in detecting underlying systemic abnormalities (Campos-Lara et al., 2012; Masamatti, Kumar & Virdi, 2012). The general management protocol includes oral health education, the control of possible risk factors such as medication, the elimination of plaque and calculus by mechanical means, the removal any defective dental restorations and plaque retentive habitats. Furthermore, adding a chemical
Home maintenance should be regularly followed-up for this compromised group of children.
Concluding comments:
The most common, yet avoidable, oral diseases among the participants have serious consequences that may affect their overall well-being.
Apart from the local effects documented in this chapter, namely tooth loss and malocclusion at the SE Facilities, dental caries can also impair chewing, speech and cause pain. If left untreated, tooth decay may result in deleterious ramifications. Likewise, gingival disease contributed to tooth loss among younger participants at the SE Facilities and may have compromised the systemic health of affected participants.
The correlations between dental caries and gingival disease at all investigation sites may suggest a common pathogenic pathway but highlights the importance of good oral hygiene practices.
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CHAPTER 7: ABNORMALITIES OF TOOTH NUMBER