1. Which of the following statements regarding pulp stimulation with cold is accurate?
a. It is best accomplished with carbon dioxide snow (i.e., dry ice).
b. It is an accurate assessment of pulp vitality.
c. It directly stimulates the pain fibers in the pulp.
d. It is best determined with a blast of air.
2. With regard to electrical pulp testing, which of the following is true?
a. Positive responses can be used for differential diagnosis of pulp pathosis.
b. The device uses a pulsating, alternating current with a duration of 1 to 15 ms.
c. The device uses a low current with a high-potential difference in voltage.
d. Gingival and periodontal tissues are more sensitive to testing than the pulp.
3. Which of the following statements regarding digital radiographs is accurate?
a. They are produced by a charged coupled device and do not require x-rays.
b. They have the advantage of being manipulatable, which facilitates interpretation.
c. They have greater resolution than traditional film.
d. They are captured by a sensor that has a greater surface area than traditional film.
4. Which of the following statements regarding nickel and titanium (NiTi) instruments is accurate?
a. They exhibit a high elastic modulus, which provides flexibility.
b. When stressed, they exhibit transformation from the austenitic crystalline phase to a martensitic structure.
c. They cannot be strained to the same level as stainless steel (SS) without permanent deformation.
d. They are easier to prebend before placement in the canal than SS.
5. A barbed broach is most useful for which of the following?
a. Removal of cotton, paper points, and other objects from the canal b. Removal of vital tissue from fine canals
c. Initial planing of the canal walls
d. Coronal-orifice enlargement before establishing the correct working length 6. In comparing K-type files with reamers, which of the following statements regarding K-type files is accurate?
a. They have more flutes per millimeter, which increase flexibility.
b. They differ, because the file is manufactured by twisting a tapered, square blank.
c. They are more effective in removing debris.
d. They are the least flexible when comparing instruments of the same size.
7. Based on instrument design and method of manufacturing, which of the following is most susceptible to fracture?
a. K-type file fabricated from tapered, square SS blank b. K-flex file fabricated from rhomboidal SS blank c. Hedström file fabricated from round SS blank d. Reamer fabricated from triangular SS blank
8. Which of the following statements regarding Hedström files are accurate?
a. They are manufactured by machining a round cross-sectional wire.
b. They are effective when used in a reaming action.
c. They are safer than K-type files, because external signs of stress are more visible as changes in flute design.
d. They are aggressive because of a negative-rake angle that is parallel to the shaft.
9. Which of the following statements regarding the Profile rotary instruments is accurate?
a. They are used at a range of 1500 to 2000 rpm.
b. They are NiTi instruments manufactured in half sizes.
c. They exhibit sizes that are ISO and ANSI standardized.
d. They incorporate radial lands in the flute design.
10. Which of the following statements regarding the best apex locators is accurate?
a. They require training with the instrument to become proficient.
b. They are sensitive to canal contents.
c. They measure the impedance between the file and the mucosa.
d. On average, they are accurate to within 0.5 mm of the apex.
e. All of the above statements are accurate.
11. Piezoelectric, ultrasonic devices differ from magneto-strictive devices in which of the following?
a. The piezoelectric unit transfers more energy to the files.
b. The piezoelectric unit produces heat that requires a coolant.
c. The piezoelectric unit uses a RispiSonic, ShaperSonic, and TrioSonic file system.
d. The piezoelectric unit vibrates at 2 to 3 kHz.
12. Which of the following statements regarding ultrasonic root canal instrumentation is accurate?
a. It should be performed in a dry environment.
b. It poses little risk of file breakage.
c. It is not very useful for dentin removal.
d. It is most useful in small canals where file contact with the wall is maximized.
13. Which of the following statements regarding sodium hypochlorite used as a root canal irrigating solution is accurate?
a. It is buffered to a pH of 12 to 13, which increases toxicity.
b. It exhibits a chelating action on dentin.
c. It should be used in higher concentrations because of the increased free chlorine available.
d. It is a good wetting agent that permits the solution to flow into canal irregularities.
14. When ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used as an endodontic irrigant, which of the following statements is accurate?
a. It must be completely removed after use to prevent continued action and destruction of dentin.
b. It is a rapid-and-efficient method of removing the smear layer.
c. It acts on organic-and-inorganic components of the smear layer.
d. It penetrates deep into dentin and enhances root canal preparation.
15. Calcium hydroxide is advocated as an interappointment medication primarily because of which of the following
a. Its ability to dissolve necrotic tissue b. Its antimicrobial activity
c. Its ability to stimulate hard-tissue formation d. Its ability to temporarily seal the canal
16. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding gutta-percha points is accurate?
a. They contain 40% to 50% pure gutta-percha.
b. They adhere to dentin when compacted.
c. They can be heat sterilized.
d. They are not compressible.
17. An advantage to AH26 as an endodontic sealer is which of the following?
a. The release of formaldehyde on setting b. Low toxicity
c. Long working time, but quick setting (i.e., 1 to 2 hours) at body temperature d. It can be distinguished from gutta-percha radiographically
18. N2, Endomethasone, and Reibler's paste are sealers that do which of the following?
a. Produce liquefaction necrosis in the periradicular tissues
b. Induce healing in the apical pulp wound after vital pulp extirpation c. Can cause periapical inflammation
d. Do not produce a seal when used in combination with a core material 19. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding TERM is accurate?
a. It seals as well as Cavit.
b. It is the material of choice when strength is a requirement.
c. It is a zinc oxide-reinforced material that can be light cured.
d. It has a eugenol component that is antibacterial.
20. The root end is ultrasonically prepared during endodontic surgery for which of the following reasons?
a. It results in apical cracks at low settings.
b. It results in larger, but cleaner, cavity walls.
c. It can make a deeper cavity more safely than a bur.
d. It does not require as acute an angle of root resection.