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Advantages of Network Operating systems

i. It can effectively create and manage user accounts.

ii. It facilitates the sharing of resources in the sever.

iii. It assists in providing back up for the computers.

iv. It monitors and manages the use of the network.

v. It assists in troubleshooting the network.

List of Network Operating systems

This following is a list of network operating systems available for use S/N Network

Operating System

Features

1 Stratum Supported by a broad spectrum of organizations from across the networking industry. Stratum exposes a set of next-generation SDN interfaces including P4Runtime and OpenConfig, enabling interchangeability of forwarding devices and programmability of forwarding behaviors.

2 Cumulus Networks

Cumulus Linux is a Debian based Linux distribution that runs on a variety of commodity hardware.

3 Big Switch

1. Peer-to-Peer Network Operating System: In this type of NOS, files are stored on individual computers rather than on a central server. This means that the each of the connected computers work together to keep the network running through sharing the contents in their hard drive.

Fig 76: Source:https://dcandcn.blogspot.com/2019/11/what-is-network-operating-system-nos.html

Peer to peer architecture treats all computer equally with regards to their functionality.

It is less expensive to set up and suitable for small or medium LAN.

Advantages of Peer-to-Peer Network

i. Installation and setup is uncomplicated ii. It is less expensive to set up

iii. It does not require any special software iv. Information sharing is fast and easy Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Network

i. It does not have a centralized storage system ii. It lacks back up functionalities

iii. It is not centrally managed

iv. Individual computers may not perform optimally

2. Client /Server Network Operating System: In this type of NOS files are stored in a server rather than on individual computers. This means that all the functionalities are stored under one file server.

Fig 77: Source: https://djomegni.com/portfolio/networking/

Irrespective of the location, connected computers can still have access to the server. It is the most commonly used network operating system in schools, organizations, homes, businesses etc.

Advantages of Client/Server Network Operating System i. The network is centrally controlled

ii. Its backs up facility performs optimally

iii. Connected computers can access files concurrently Disadvantages of Client/Server Network Operating System

i. It is not cost effective

ii. It requires specialized software to function effectively

iii. Failure of the central server leads to failure of the entire system

iv. System overload can occur when many computers wants to access the server at the same time

3.3 FEATURES OF NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM

Features of NOS can be ascertained based on its ability to maintain the system ensure effective user administration and manage resources in the network. The features can be summarized as follows:

i. Security features such as authentication login and access controls are provided by the system.

ii. Multiple computers are allowed to connect and share resources iii. It provides back up for lost files on the web

iv. It allows for the adding of new hardware into the system v. It provides support for routing

vi. It provides name ad directory services

vii. It provides support for printing and application sharing 4.0 SUMMARY

In this unit we discussed computer networks and network operating systems. We explained that computer network is defined as when two or more computers are connected with one another for the purpose of communicating data electronically. The computer network can be useful in the following areas:

1. It can be used to share information among all user in the network. For example Network printers

2. It ensure easy communication from one computer to another 3. It eliminates the distance barrier in information sharing 4. It can be used for educational purposes

5. It ensure fast and easy exchange of data through the network The following are some of the advantages of computer network

1. It increases speed: A network provides a fast means of sharing and transferring files

2. Security of information: It provides a secured environment for sharing information.

3. Ease of cost: Due to the prevalence of many popular versions of software, networkable software are now available at a significantly reduced cost.

4. It serves a medium of communication: Using a network assist people working far apart to share information from one end to another hence ensuing co-operation among them.

We explained that a topology of a network describes the way computer are connected to each other. It is a major design consideration for cost and reliability. There are two possible ways to connect the devices. They are: point to point connection and multipoint is also called a multi-drop connection. There are five (5) basic network topologies namely: Bus topology, star topology, mesh topology, Tree topology and Ring or circular topology.

We also explained that there are five (5) types of networks, they include: Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Wireless Networks and Internet. We described a network operating system (NOS) is a

computer operating system that is intended to support computers connected to a LAN such as personal computers, workstations to enable them share and communicate with each other. There are two (2) main types of Network Operating System (NOS). they are peer-to-peer network operating system and client/server network operating system.

Features of NOS can be ascertained based on its ability to maintain the system ensure effective user administration and manage resources in the network. The features can be summarized as follows:

i. Security features such as authentication login and access controls are provided by the system.

ii. Multiple computers are allowed to connect and share resources iii. It provides back up for lost files on the web

iv. It allows for the adding of new hardware into the system v. It provides support for routing

vi. It provides name ad directory services

vii. It provides support for printing and application sharing 5.0 CONCLUSION

Network is indispensable in everyday life. Its main aim is to exchange data and information such as texts, audio and video from one point to another. Hence advances in technology are making it possible for communication links to carry signals faster.

Therefore, businesses, organizations and industries are keying into these advance to enhance their services.

Self – Assignment Exercise

List the advantages and disadvantages of ring topology

6.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment

1. What is the rationale for using a network?

2. List the advantages and disadvantages of mesh topology 3. What is a network Operating system?

4. Using a diagram explain peer to peer network

7.0 REFERENCE/FURTHER READING Gregersen, E. (2021. Computer network.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/computer-network

Javapoint (2021). Computer network types. https://www.javatpoint.com/types-of-computer-network Sourced on 2 August 2021

TechnologyUK, (2021). Network Operating Systems

https://www.technologyuk.net/computing/computer-software/operating-systems/network- operating-systems.shtml

Tenenbaum, A.S. (1996). Computer networks. London: Prentice - Hall https://www.inspiredtechs.com.au/computer-networking/

https://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/computer-network/point-to-point-connections

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/line-configuration-computer-networks/

https://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap5/chap5.htm

https://www.propatel.com/what-is-star-topology-in-computer/

https://snabaynetworking.com/mesh-topology-and-its-advantages-and-disadvantages/

https://www.itrelease.com/2019/06/what-is-tree-topology-with-example/

https://www.itrelease.com/2019/06/what-is-ring-topology-with-example/

https://techterms.com/definition/lan

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/metropolitan-area-networks itrelease.com/2018/07/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-wide-area-network-wan/

https://www.cablefree.net/wirelesstechnology/wireless-lan/

https://www.stambol.com/2018/12/03/the-future-of-the-internet-of-things/

https://medium.com/@blogstevej327stuff/what-is-network-operating-system-16a73eda23f9

https://packetpushers.net/virtual-toolbox/list-network-operating-systems/

https://dcandcn.blogspot.com/2019/11/what-is-network-operating-system-nos.html https://djomegni.com/portfolio/networking/

Unit 3 COMPUTER VIRUS, THEIR TYPES AND WAYS OF