Protocolos y ensayos clínicos con recluta- recluta-miento activo de pacientes

石膏 Shí Gāo gypsum fibrosum gypsum

The source is the monoclinic system of gypsum ore, containing hydrous calcium sulfate. Pungent and sweet in flavor and extremely cold in nature.

[Actions] Clear and drain pathogenic heat, quench thirst, and arrest vexa-

tion. It is used for high fever, vexation, and thirst in febrile diseases, cough and wheezing due to lung heat, or headache and toothache caused by hyperactivity of stomach fire. Preliminary analysis on natural Shí Gāo (Gypsum Fibrosum) shows its suspension contains silicic acid, calcium sulfate, and aluminium hydroxide; and its solution contains calcium sul- fate, ferric sulfate, and magnesium sulfate. Oral administration of its decoction has shown an antipyretic effect against experimental fever of rabbits.

[Quality] Impurities removed, washed clean and dirt removed, and ground

with roller into small pieces. Good quality is large, white, and semitrans- parent with a fibrous vertical section.

[Indications]

1. Lung and stomach excess heat: manifestations include high fever, pro- fuse sweating, intense thirst, and flooding big pulse. Specifically, the high fever is accompanied with aversion to heat (instead of aversion to cold) with moist skin and frequent sweating; the intense thirst is complicated with a desire to drink lots of water or cold water (instead of thirst with little or no desire to drink and a preference of hot bever- age); and the pulse is slippery fast, floating big, or flooding big. This

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condition is most likely to be found in warm febrile disease, hemorrhagic disorders, metabolic diseases, and sunstroke. Shí Gāo ( Gypsum Fibrosum) is often combined with Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) for high fever and restlessness in the febrile disease; with Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Shēng Dì (Radix Rehmanniae), Ē Jiāo (Colla Corii Asini) for subcutaneous bleeding, mouth bleeding, and nosebleed with fever; and with Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Rén Shēn (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng), and Xuán Shēn (Radix Scrophulariae) for intense thirst in diabetes.

2. Cough and wheezing due to lung heat: Shí Gāo (Gypsum Fibrosum) is commonly prescribed together with Má Huáng (Herba Ephedrae) to relieve cough and wheezing caused by lung heat, wheezing with sweat- ing, vexation and agitation with absence of sweating, or sweating with swelling all over the body.

[Mnemonics] Shí Gāo (Gypsum Fibrosum, Gypsum): pungent and cold;

good at relieving vexation and thirst with surging big pulse and high fever.

[Simple and Effective Formulas]

1. 玉泉散 Yù Quán Săn Jade Spring Powder from Effective Use of

Established Formulas (成方切用, Chéng Fāng Qiè Yòng): Shí

Gāo (Gypsum Fibrosum) 20 g and Gān Căo (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) 3 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patient with vexation, thirst, fever with sweating, headache, asthma with phlegm, and big pulse. Also used in the treatment of febrile dis- eases, metabolic disorders, sunstroke, and dermatosis with manifesta- tion listed above.

2. 白虎汤 Bái Hŭ Tāng White Tiger Decoction from Treatise on Cold

Damage (伤寒论, Shāng Hán Lùn): Shí Gāo (Gypsum Fibrosum)

15–30 g, Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) 10–20 g, Gān Căo (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) 3 g, and Jīng Mĭ (Oryza Sativa L.) 20 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patient with high fever, profuse sweating, intense thirst, vexation, agitation, and flooding slip- pery big pulse. Also applicable for type B encephalitis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, influenza, pneumonia, epidemic cerebrospinal

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meningitis, leptospirosis, high fever of unknown origins, and derma- tosis with above-mentioned manifestations.

3. 白虎加人参汤 Bái Hŭ Jiā Ré n Shēn Tāng — Wh ite Tiger Decoction with Ginseng from Treatise on Cold Damage (伤寒论, Shāng Hán Lùn): Shí Gāo ( Gypsum Fibrosum) 15–30 g, Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) 10–20 g, Gān Căo (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) 3 g, Rén Shēn (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) 10 g or Bĕi Shā Shēn (Radix Glehniae) 15 g, and Jīng Mĭ (Oryza Sativa L.) 20 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patient with intense thirst, dry mouth, and flooding big pulse. Also applicable for diabetes and various types of febrile diseases with the above-manifestations.

4. 苍术白虎汤 Cāng Zhú Bái Hŭ Tāng — White Tiger Decoction with Atractylodes Rhizome from Treatise on Cold Damage (伤寒论, Shāng Hán Lùn): Shí Gāo (Gypsum Fibrosum) 15–30 g, Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) 10–20 g, Gān Căo (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) 3 g, Cāng Zhú (Rhizoma Atractylodis) 12 g, and Jīng Mĭ (Oryza Sativa L.) 20 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patient with aversion of heat, spontaneous sweating, thirst, painful and heavy body, and inhibited urination. Also applicable for rheumatic fever, dia- betes, and dermatosis with above- mentioned symptoms.

5. 竹叶石膏汤 Zhú Yè Shí Gāo Tāng — Lophatherum and Gypsum Decoction from Treatise on Cold Damage (伤寒论, Shāng Hán Lùn): Shí Gāo (Gypsum Fibrosum) 12–30 g, Rén Shēn (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) 10 g, Mài Dōng (Radix Ophiopogonis) 12 g, Gān Căo (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) 5 g, Zhú Yè (Folium Phyllostachydis Henonis) 12 g, Bàn Xià (Rhizoma Pinelliae) 10 g, and Jīng Mĭ (Oryza Sativa L.) 20 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patient with emaciation, palpitation, agitation, belching, and cough. Also applicable for febrile diseases in recovery phase, sunstroke, diabetes, and mouth sores with the above manifestations.

[Usage and Dosage] Use raw in general for oral administration, 10–30 g

in decoction, very effective for clearing heat; when used for sores, ulcers, eczema, and burns, this substance is calcined to engender flesh and close sore.

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[Precautions] Shí Gāo ( Gypsum Fibrosum) is an important herb of draining pathogenic heat and clinically indicated only for the excess heat in qi stage. It is contraindicated for patients with aversion to cold, absence of sweating, swelling body, or deep and slow pulse.

Daily practices

1. What is heat-clearing medicinal and how many types of it? What pre- cautions should be taken when using it?

2. What are the actions and indications of Shí Gāo (Gypsum Fibrosum)?

知母

知母 Zhī Mŭ rhizoma anemarrhenae common

anemarrhena rhizome

The source is from the rhizome of herbaceous perennial Anemarrhena

asphodeloides Bunge, family Liliaceae. Bitter and sweet in flavor and

cold in nature.

[Actions] Clear heat and drain fire, enrich yin and generate body fluids,

and moisten dryness. It is applicable to externally-contracted febrile diseases with high fever, vexation, thirst, lung-heat induced dry cough, steaming bone fever, tidal fever, internal heat, wasting-thirst, and intestinal dryness-induced constipation. This herb contains rhizoma anemarrhenae glycosides, flavonoid glycoside, profuse phlegmatic, saccharides, saccha- rides, and niacin, and a small amount of aromaticity m aterial and fatty oil. Experiments demonstrate sedative and antipyretic effects, and regulation of the adrenal pituitary system.

[Quality] Impurity removed, swashed, softened by moistening, cut

into slices, and sun-dr ied. Good quality is large, thick and hard with a yellowish white and moist cross section.

[Indications]

1. Sweating with vexation: it is identified by vexation or even insomnia and simultaneous sweating, no matter spontaneous sweating, night sweating, or yellow sweat. Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Dà

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Huáng (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Huáng Lián (Rhizoma Coptidis) and Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) all are used for treating vexation. Among their differences, Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) is often used for deficiency-vexation featured by the absence of pain, stuffiness, and tangible pathogens in the intestines and stomach; Dà Huáng (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) is for the vexation due to accumulation in the abdomen and pain blockage; Huáng Lián (Rhizoma Coptidis) is for the vexation caused by epigastric pĭ, pain, and throbbing; and Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) is for stuffiness and blockage in the chest with coating on the tongue. Clinically, combination of herbs is based on different patterns, Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) is prescribed together with Shí Gāo ( Gypsum Fibrosum) and Rén Shēn (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) for fever, dry mouth, thirst, and floating big pulse; with Guì Zhī (Ramulus Cinnamomi) and Shí Gāo (Gypsum Fibrosum) for joint pain; with Guì Zhī (Ramulus Cinnamomi), Sháo Yào (Radix Paeoniae), Fù Zĭ (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata), and Má Huáng (Herba Ephedrae) for extreme emaciation with swollen enlarged feet; with Băi Hé(Bulbus Lilii) for vexation and agitation; and with Suān Zăo Rén (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) and Gān Căo (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) for insomnia due to deficiency-vexation.

2. Deficiency-heat: manifestations include emaciation, tidal fever, float- ing-red complexion, sweating during sleep, cough with dry throat, red tongue with scanty coating, and dry and hard stool. Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), capable of nourishing kidney (water) to eliminate defi- ciency fire and potent in relieving deficiency-heat pattern, is often combined with Mài Dōng (Radix Ophiopogonis), Shā Shēn (Radix Adenophorae seu Glehniae), Ē Jiāo (Colla Corii Asini), and Xuán Shēn (Radix Scrophulariae).

3. Cough due to lung dryness: Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) can clear lung heat and nourish lung yin and is therefore applicable for cough due to either lung yin consumption by excessive heat in the lung or lung yin deficiency in chronic diseases. It is frequently combined with Huáng Qín (Radix Scutellariae) and Zhè Bèi Mŭ (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii) for cough due to lung heat; and with Shā Shēn (Radix Adenophorae seu Glehniae), Mài Dōng (Radix Ophiopogonis), and Chuān Bèi Mŭ (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) for cough caused by lung yin deficiency.

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[Mnemonics] Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Common Anemarrhena

Rhizome): bitter and cold; stop sweating, relieve restlessness, drain fire, nourish yin, and remove dryness-heat.

[Simple and Effective Formulas]

1. 玉女煎 Yù Nǚ Jiān — Jade Lady Decoction from The Complete Works

of Jing-yue (景岳全书, Jĭng Yuè Quán Shū): Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma

Anemarrhenae) 12 g, Shí Gāo ( Gypsum Fibrosum) 15 g, Mài Dōng (Radix Ophiopogonis) 10 g, Shú Dì Huáng (Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata) 20 g, and Niú Xī (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) 15 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patient with vexation heat, thirst, headache, toothache, tooth bleeding, and floating big pulse. Also applicable for different types of febrile disorders, hematopathy, diabetes, and periodontal diseases with above-mentioned manifestations.

2. 滋肾丸 Zī Shèn Wán — Kidney Nourishing Pill from Illumination of

Medicine (医学发明, Yī Xué Fā Míng): Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma

Anemarrhenae) 10 g, Ròu Guì (Cortex Cinnamomi) 5 g, and Huáng Băi (Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis) 10 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patient with urinary retention or foot and k nee swelling and pain, red tongue, and flooding big pulse. Also applicable for urinary system disorders, arthritis, and gout.

3. 知柏地黄丸 Zhī Băi Dì Huáng Wán — Anemarrhena, Phellodendron and Rehmannia Pill from Golden Mirror of the Medical Tradition (医宗金鉴, Yī Zōng Jīn Jiàn): Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) 10 g, Huáng Băi (Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis) 10 g, Shú Dì Huáng (Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata) 15 g, Shān Yào (Rhizoma Dioscoreae) 15 g, Shān Zhū Yú (Fructus Corni) 10 g, Zé Xiè (Rhizoma Alismatis) 10 g, Fú Líng ( Poria) 12 g, and Mŭ Dān Pí (Cortex Moutan) 6 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patient with tidal fever, night sweating, vexation heat, and floating pulse. Also applicable for tuberculosis, uri- nary system disorders, dysfunction of autonomic nervous system, and chronic infectious diseases with symptoms mentioned above.

4. 二母散 Èr Mŭ Săn — Common Anemarrhena Rhizome and Fritillary Bulb Powder from Effective Use of Established Formulas (成方切用, Chéng Fāng Qiè Yòng): Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) 12 g and Bèi Mŭ (Bulbus Fritillaria) 10 g; decoct in water grind into powder (divide

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into four equal doses, take one dose/time, twice a day) for oral admin- istration or to treat patient with cough, fever, and sweating during sleep.

[Precautions] Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), cold and slippery in

nature, is contraindicated in cases of loose stool or diarrhea due to defi- ciency-cold in the spleen and stomach.

栀子

栀子 Zhī Zĭ fructus gardeniae gardenia

The source is from a fruit of evergreen shrub Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, family Rubiaceae. Alternate names include 山栀子 Shān Zhī Zĭ, 山栀 Shān Zhī, and 支子 Zhī Zĭ. Bitter in flavor and cold in nature.

[Actions] Clear heat and remove toxin, drain fire and relieve vexation,

and cool the blood and dissipate blood stagnation. It is applicable to febrile diseases fever, deficiency vexation, insomnia, jaundice, strangury, wasting-thirst, red eyes, sore throat, hematemesis, epistaxis, dysentery with stool constaining blood, hematuria, sores due to heat-toxin, ulcers, and sprain with swelling and pain. This herb contains geniposide, tannin, pectin, D mannitol, crocin, and ursolic acid. Experiments show these ingredients have antipyretic, sedative, choleretic, antihypertensive, and hypolipidemic effects.

[Quality] Sifted to remove dust, impurities removed, ground with roller

into pieces, sifted or cut both ends. Good quality is dry, even fruit, thin- skinned, full, round, and reddish yellow, and the herb produced in Zhejiang is the best.

[Indications]

1. Vexing heat and suffocated sensation in the chest: vexing heat refers to vexation, irritability, restlessness, fever and sweating; while suffocated sensation in the chest means stifling stuffiness or burning sensation in the center of the chest and feeling of softness instead of hardness and fullness in gastric area upon pressure. In the clinic, patients with vexing heat and suffocated sensation in the chest are more susceptible to sore throat, red eyes, epistaxis, difficult and painful urination with scanty and yellow urine, and red tongue. Physicians need more observation

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and inquiry. Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) is often combined with Dàn Dòu Chĭ (Semen Sojae Praeparatum) for this condition, which is most likely to be found in acute febrile diseases, infectious diseases, upper digestive system diseases, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) and Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) both are used in the treatment of vexation, but the former is for vexation and agitation with yellow thin tongue coating caused by fire-heat in or above the chest and diaphragm and the latter is to relieve deficiency- vexation marked by intangible pathogenic influence in the chest, intes- tines, and stomach and thin tongue coating.

2. Jaundice and strangury: jaundice refers to the yellow colored skin, urine, and whites of the eyes. The jaundice treated by Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) is marked by orange yellow color with accompanying vexing heat, chest oppression, and yellow greasy tongue coating attributed to internal accumulation of damp-heat. In this case, this herb is combined with Dà Huáng (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Yīn Chén (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), and Huáng Băi (Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis).

3. Bleeding due to blood-heat: heat in the blood will make blood flow out of the vessel and cause various kinds of hemorrhagic disorders, such as hematemesis, epistaxis, and hematuria. Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) is combined with Lián Qiào (Fructus Forsythiae), Shēng Dì (Radix Rehmanniae), Cè Băi Yè (Cacumen Platycladi), and Mŭ Dān Pí (Cortex Moutan) when the bleeding is accompanied with sore throat, red eyes, vexation and agitation, and red tongue. Oral administration of its powder can arrest stomach bleeding.

4. Heat-toxin sores and swelling: Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae), capable of clearing heat and resolving toxin, is often combined with Huáng Lián (Rhizoma Coptidis), Huáng Qín (Radix Scutellariae), and Huáng Băi (Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis) for abscesses and swelling, erysipelas, sores and ulcers, and burns associated with heat-toxins.

Mixing its powder with vinegar or wine and applying externally can treat sprains and contusions; and mixing its powder with wine or egg white and applying externally can relieve traumatic swelling and pain and erysipelas.

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[Mnemonics] Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae, Gardenia): bitter and cold; clear

heat, resolve restlessness, stuffiness and oppression in the chest, cure hematemesis and epistaxis, and relieve jaundice.

[Simple and Effective Formulas]

1. 栀子豉汤 Zhī Zĭ Chĭ Tāng — Gardenia and Prepared Soybean Decoction from Treatise on Cold Damage (伤寒论, Shāng Hán Lùn): Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) 12 g and Dòu Chĭ (Semen Sojae Praeparatum) 12 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patients with fever, chest stuffiness and pain, vexation, insomnia due to deficiency-vexation, and yellow thin tongue coating. Also applicable for acute febrile diseases, esophagitis, gastritis, and neuropsychiatric disorders with the above symptoms. 2. 栀子柏皮汤 Zhī Zĭ Băi Pí Tāng — Gardenia and Amur Cork-tree Bark

Decoction from Treatise on Cold Damage (伤寒论, Shāng Hán Lùn): Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) 10 g, Băi Pí (Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis) 10 g, and Gān Căo (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) 3 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patients with fever, jaundice, vexa- tion, and inhibited urination with yellow scanty urine. Also applicable for hepatitis, biliary tract infection with jaundice, or dermatosis of damp-heat pattern.

3. 栀子大黄汤 Zhī Zĭ Dà Huáng Tāng — Gardenia and Rhubarb Decoction from Essentials from the Golden Cabinet (金匮要略, Jīn Guì Yào Lüè): Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) 10 g, Dà Huáng (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) 10 g, Zhĭ Shí (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus) 10 g, and Dòu Chĭ (Semen Sojae Praeparatum) 12 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patients with fever, jaundice, chest stuffiness, inhibited urination, and constipation.Also applicable for biliary tract infection, biliary tract stone, and hepatitis with above-mentioned manifestations.

4. 栀子厚朴汤 Zhī Zĭ Hòu Pò Tāng — Gardenia and Officinal Magnolia Bark Decoction from Treatise on Cold Damage (伤寒论, Shāng Hán Lùn): Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) 10 g, Hòu Pò (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) 10 g, and Zhĭ Shí (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus) 10 g; decoct in water for oral administration to treat patients with vexing heat and abdominal fullness and pain. Also applicable for various digestive tract diseases and febrile diseases.

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[Usage and Dosage]

The raw herb is more effective in clearing heat and draining fire; its peel clears external heat, while its kernel clears internal heat; frying with gin- ger juice to increase its ability of relieving vexation and vomiting, and scorch-frying to strengthen its powder of arresting bleeding. Use 5–12 g in decoction.

[Precautions] Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae), bitter and cold in nature, tends

to damage the spleen and stomach qi when applied inappropriately and therefore should be used with cautions in cases of loose stool due to deficiency-cold of the spleen and stomach.

Daily practices

1. What are the similarities and differences between Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) and Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) in terms of actions and indications?

2. What are the similarities and differences among Shí Gāo ( Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhī Mŭ (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), and Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae) in terms of nature, flavor, and actions?

黄连

黄连 Huáng Lián rhizoma coptidis coptis rhizome

The source is from the rhizome of herbaceous perennial Coptis chinensis

Franch. C. deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao, and Coptis teetoides C. Y. Cheng, family Ranunculaceae. Alternate names include 川连 Chuān Lián

and 雅连 Yǎ Lián. Bitter in flavor and cold in nature.

[Actions] Clear heat and dry dampness, drain fire and relieve vexation,

and kill parasites. It is applicable to heat-toxin exuberance, high fever, loss of consciousness, vomiting, diarrhea and dysentery, jaundice, vexation, insomnia, blood heat hematemesis, epistaxis, red, swollen and painful eyes, toothache, wasting-thirst, sores, carbuncles, furuncles, and ulcers. It can be used externally in the treatment of eczema and suppuration from the auditory meatus. This herb contains a variety of alkaloid such as ber- berine and worenine that exert significant antibacterial effects on shigella

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dysenteriae, typhoid bacillus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus, and hemolytic streptococcus. Intravenous injection has an antihypertensive effect and can stimulate gastrointestinal tract and bron- chial smooth muscle. Its ingredient berberine has a moderate choleretic, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effect.

[Quality] Impurity removed, washed clean, moistened thoroughly, cut into

slices, and dried under shade. 川连 Chuān Lián produced in eastern Sichuan is of the best quality, its rhizomes are with many interconnections and look like chicken claw, and therefore it is also known as Jī 鸡爪连 Zhuǎ Lián. 云连 Yún Lián produced in Deqin, Weixi and Tengchong of Yunnan is of an inferior quality.

[Indications]

1. Vexing heat: symptoms and signs include vexation and agitation, anxiety, nervousness, lack of concentration, hot sensation all over the body, chest stuffiness and oppression, palpitation, rapid pulse or diffi- cult to fall asleep, dreaminess, early-morning awakening insomnia, epigastric discomfort or pain, greasy and yellow tongue coating. This pattern can be seen in acute and chronic infectious diseases, neuropsy- chiatric disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and hypertension. Owning to its effect of clearing heart fire and relieving vexation and agitation, Huáng Lián (Rhizoma Coptidis) is widely used to relieve the manifestations above and usually in a combination with Huáng Qín (Radix Scutellariae), Zhī Zĭ (Fructus Gardeniae), and Gān Căo (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae).

2. Pĭ pattern: manifestations include discomfort, dull pain, and distending pain or burning pain in gastric area with accompanying bitter taste in the mouth, belching, nausea, and vomiting. Pressing, mild, and diffuse pain would occur in the upper abdomen when pressing. It is most com- monly found in gastritis, gastric neurosis, and cholecystitis. In this case, Huáng Lián (Rhizoma Coptidis) is often prescribed together with Rén Shēn (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng), Guì Zhī (Ramulus Cinnamomi), Bàn Xià (Rhizoma Pinelliae), Huáng Qín (Radix Scutellariae), Gān Jiāng (Rhizoma Zingiberis), and Gān Căo (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae).

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3. Dysentery and heat diarrhea: it is often accompanied by abdominal pain, hot sensation in the body, sweating, sticky and smelly stool, and yellow greasy tongue coating. Those symptoms and signs are caused by damp- heat accumulation in the intestines and commonly seen in bacillary dysentery and acute grastroenteritis. Huáng Lián (Rhizoma Coptidis) is