Proyecciones de Vivienda

Yield losses due to nematode infestation are reported in turmeric-growing areas, especially in Andhra Pradesh. Seven genera of plant parasitic nematodes, namely, Meliodogyne sp., Rhadopholus similis, Rotylenchulus sp., Hoplolamus sp., Criconemoides sp., Longidoros sp., and Pratylenchus sp., were associated with this crop. Root knot nematode was the most predominant, causing considerable crop loss in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. R. similis is found to cause considerable crop loss of turmeric in the state of Kerala. High populations of Pratylenchus sp. were also found to be associated with turmeric in Andhra Pradesh. (Eapen et al., 1997; Haidar et al.,1995, 1998a,b; Mani and Prakash, 1992; Poornima and Vadivelu, 1999; Rajendran et al., 2003; Ramana and Eapen, 1995, 1999; Ray et al., 1995; Sukumaran et al., 1989).

Nematode infestation resulted in significant reduction in growth parameters and yield. Efforts to identify resistant genotypes to root knot nematode, at the Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR), resulted in identifying eight accessions as resistant. Studies at IISR also identified five biocontrol agents, namely Verticillium chlamydosporium, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Fusarium sp., Aspergillus nidulans, and Scopulariopsis sp., that suppressed root knot nematode populations significantly (Sarma et al., 2001).

6.7.1 MANAGEMENT

Healthy nematode-free planting material soil application of aldicarb at 1 kg/ha twice (third and fifth month after planting) should be used, followed by irrigation. Application of 10 to 15 kg/ha at the time of field preparation is also recommended.

FIGURE 6.5 Turmeric rhizomes affected by storage rot caused by Fusarium sp.

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