remains concentrated in the poorest children. Under-
standing the contribution of each cause to the burden of
diarrhoea and how this varies geographically will enable
interventions to be targeted. Vaccine use and a continued
focus on improving access to WaSH indicators, reducing
childhood undernutrition, and providing appropriate
treatment and case management will accelerate
reductions in diarrhoea disease burden.
Contributors
CT, PCR, IK prepared the first draft. CT, MF, and AB constructed the figures and tables. MF, CJLM, AM, RCR, and SIH provided overall guidance. PCR managed the project. CT, PCR, and IK finalised the manuscript on the basis of comments from other authors and reviewer feedback. CT and PCR managed the appendix. All other authors provided data or developed models for indicators, reviewed results, initiated modeling infrastructure, or reviewed and contributed to the report.
GBD Diarrhoeal Diseases Collaborators
Christopher Troeger, Mohammad Forouzanfar, Puja C Rao, Ibrahim Khalil, Alexandria Brown, Robert C Reiner Jr, Nancy Fullman, Robert L Thompson, Amanuel Abajobir*, Muktar Ahmed*, Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu*, Nelson Alvis-Guzman*, Azmeraw T Amare*, Carl Abelardo Antonio*, Hamid Asayesh*, Euripide Avokpaho*, Ashish Awasthi*, Umar Bacha*, Aleksandra Barac*, Balem Demtsu Betsue*, Addisu Shunu Beyene*, Dube Jara Boneya*, Deborah Carvalho Malta*, Lalit Dandona*, Rakhi Dandona*, Manisha Dubey*, Babak Eshrati*, Joseph R A Fitchett*, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot*, Gessessew Buggsa Hailu*, Masako Horino*, Peter J Hotez*, Tariku Jibat*, Jost B Jonas*, Amir Kasaeian*, Niranjan Kissoon*, Karen Kotloff*, Ai Koyanagi*, G Anil Kumar*, Rajesh Kumar Rai*, Aparna Lal*,
Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek*, Mubarek Abera Mengistie*, Christine Moe*, George Patton*, James A Platts-Mills*,
Mostafa Qorbani*, Usha Ram*, Hirbo Shore Roba*, Juan Sanabria*, Benn Sartorius*, Monika Sawhney*, Mika Shigematsu*,
Chandrashekhar Sreeramareddy*, Soumya Swaminathan*, Bemnet Amare Tedla*, Roman Topor-Madry Jagiellonian*, Kingsley Ukwaja*, Andrea Werdecker*, Marc-Alain Widdowson*, Naohiro Yonemoto*, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki*, Stephen S Lim†,
Ali H Mokdad‡,
* Authors listed alphabetically. †Joint senior authors.
Affiliations
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA (C Troeger MPH, M Forouzanfar MBBS, P C Rao MPH, I Khalil MD, A Brown MSc, R C Reiner Jr PhD, N Fullman MPH, R L Thompson PhD, S S Lim PhD, M Naghavi PhD, T Vos PhD, C J L Murray DPhil, S I Hay FMedSci, A H Mokdad PhD, L Dandona MD); Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (S I Hay); University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia (A Abajobir MPH); Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (M A Alemayohu MPH, B D Betsue MSc, G B Hailu MSc); Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia (N Alvis-Guzman PhD); University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia (A T Amare MPH); University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines (C A Antonio MD); Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran (H Asayesh PhD); Africare Benin, Cotonou, Benin (E Avokpaho MD); Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India (A Awasthi PhD); University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan (U Bacha MPhil); University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (A Barac PhD); Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (A S Beyene MPH, H S Roba MPHS); Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia (D J Boneya MPH); University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (D Carvalho Malta PhD); Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India (R Dandona PhD, G A Kumar PhD); International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India (M Dubey MPhil, U Ram PhD); Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran (B Eshrati); Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA (J R A Fitchett MBBS); Nevada Division of Behavior and Public Health, Carson City, NV, USA (M Horino MPH); Baylor University, Houston, TX, USA (P J Hotez PhD); Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (T Jibat MSc); Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Germany, Mannheim, Germany (J B Jonas MD); Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (A Kasaeian PhD); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (N Kissoon MBBS); University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA (K Kotloff MD); Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (A Koyanagi MD); Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri , India (R K Rai MPH); Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (A Lal PhD); Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (H Magdy Abd El Razek MBBCH, M E S Zaki PhD); Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia (M Ahmed MPH, T T Gebrehiwot MPH, M A Mengistie MSc); Emory University, Atlanta, GA,USA (C Moe PhD); The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (G Patton MD); University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (J A Platts-Mills MD); Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran (M Qorbani PhD); Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA (J Sanabria MD, M Sawhney PhD); University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (B Sartorius PhD); National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M Shigematsu PhD); International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C Sreeramareddy MD); Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delh, India (S Swaminathan MD); University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia (B A Tedla BSc); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (R Topor-Madry); Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria (K Ukwaja MBBS); Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany (A Werdecker PhD); Centers for Disease Control Kenya (M-A Widdowson VetMB); Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (N Yonemoto MPH)
Declaration of interests
We declare no competing interests.
Acknowledgments
This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. SIH is funded by a Senior Research Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust [#095066].
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