CAPÍTULO III: PRESENTACIÓN, ANÁLISIS E INTERPRETACIÓN DE
3.7. Proceso de contraste de hipótesis
3.7.2. Prueba de hipótesis secundarias
stands in a straight line with a minor piece that would threaten it, were there no intervening Pawn or piece, there is always latent danger, and unless there is an im
perative reason for making another move, it is wise to move the King or Queen out of line with the in
direct attack of the opponent's minor piece.
19 N-N3
Mobilizing the Knight, that is, putting it where it will be available when its chance comes.
If 19 . . . P-N4, White can reply 20 B-K5, followed by 21 N-R5 eh. White's moves are directed against potential threats. These moves have taken the force out of . . . P-N4.
Now let us suppose 19 . . . P
N4; 20 B-K5, K-N3. White can
not then reply 21 N-R5, but he can exploit the favorable position of the Knight in another way : 21 BxP! ( a notable sham sacrifice ) , BxB; 22 PxP eh, K-B2; 23 PxB eh and not only has White won a Pawn but also his Knight is ready to threaten the Black position in new ways.
19 . . . R-Ql
This move accomplishes nothing.
But Black is paralyzed and has no very good move.
20 KR-Kl
Threatening 21 PxP, with Black's Queen in a bad position. White has been able to make the same
in-direct threat on the K file as existed two moves earlier on the Q file.
20 . . . Q-Bl
The game is now entering a new phase. In moves 1 5 through 20, White has built up an accumulation of power. With move 21, he starts to make use of this power. One can see how each move plays its part in the final attack ( or variations ) to follow .
2 1 PxP
In order to force a decision. Such an exchange can be made only if a forced decision exists, for by this exchange, White gives up his cen
ter, and were he not forced to reply in another manner, Black could now play . . . QN-Q4. As soon as Black can post a Knight on his Q4, White does not have much advan
tage.
21 . . . KPxP Forced; 2 1 NPxP is bad be-cause 22 BxP wins a Pawn.
Neither does Black have at his disposal the in-between move 2 1 . . . QN-Q4, for then 2 2 PxKP and ( a ) 22 . . . NxB; 23 P-K7, etc., or ( b ) 22 . . . BxP; 23 BxP chi
( also an in-between move ) , KxB;
24 RxB and White is two Pawns to the good.
22 Q-Bl
Attacking the Black KRP and threatening the win of the Queen.
22 . . . P-N4
Impossible are 22 . . . Q-Rl ; 23 BxP eh, QxB; 24 R-K7 eh, win
ning the Queen, and 22 . . . N-N l ; 23 BxN, followed b y 2 4 BxP.
23 BxP
The basis of this sacrifice is an annihilation combination. It anni
hilates the K-wing Pawns. Such a sacrifice is possible if there are suffi
cient attacking pieces at the dis
posal of the player making the combination.
In this game, the White Queen, Knight, Bishop, and one Rook are immediately available to take part in the assault.
23 . . . PxB 24 QxP eh
This is the logical continuation.
White has made all the preceding moves in order to break Black's
resistance. At this point, he is bound to have a forced win in view of the enormous preponderance of attacking material against the naked King.
24 . . . K-Rl
After 24 . . . K-R2; 25 N-R5 wins as well. The following varia
tions will give the student an idea of how to break the resistance in such cases. We shall see that this is not too easy, if one wishes to consider all possibilities.
( 24 . . . K-R2; 25 N-R5 ) ( I )
25 . . . NxN; 26 QxN eh, K-N2 ( 26 . . . Q-R3; 27 R-K7 eh) ; 27 Q-N5 eh and 28 R-K7 ( eh ) .
(2) 25 . . . QN-Q2; 26 R-K6
( 2a ) 26 . . . NxN; 27 QxN eh, etc.
( 2b) 26 . . . N-KNI; 27 R-N6, etc.
(2c) 26 . . . N-Kl; 27 R-R6 eh!, QxR; 28 Q-N8 mate.
(2d) 26 . . . N-Q4; 27 BxN, PxB; 28 R-K7 eh, K-Rl; 29 R-N7, followed by mate.
,. (3)
25 . . , QN-Q4; 26 BxN, NxB; 27 R-K51
( Sa ) 27 . . . B-Q2; 28 RxN;
PxR; 29 N-B6 eh, K-Rl; 30 Q-N61 wins
( 3b ) 27 . . . R-Q3; 28 QR-Kl ( threatening 29 R-K7 eh) , R
N3; 29 Q-R4 ( 29 R-K7 eh
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would not decide in this posi
tion : 29 . . . NxR; 30 RxN eh, K-Rl ! ) and now
( 3bl ) 29 . . . R-R3; 30 R-K8, Q-Q3 ( 30 . . . Q-B2; 31 KR-K7 ) ; 31 R-Q8, Q-N3; 32 R
K7 eh, etc.
( 3b2 ) 29 . . . Q-R3; 30 RxN, PxR; 31 R-K7 eh, K-Nl ; 32 R-K8 eh, K-R2; 33 Q-K7 eh, R-N2; 34 NxR, QxN; 35 Q-R4 eh, K-N3; 36 R-K7 and wins.
Now let us return to the game, in which 24 . . . K-Rl was played.
25 Q-R4 eh K-N2 If 25 . . . N-R2; 26 R-K7.
26 N-R5 eh K-N3
If 26 . . . NxN; 27 Q-N5 eh!, K-R2; 28 QxN eh, K-N2; 29 Q
N5 eh, followed by 30 R-K7.
27 N-B4 eh K-N2 ( forced ) 28 Q-N5 ch K-R2
Forced, for 28 . . . K-Rl loses the Queen by 29 N-N6 eh.
29 R-K7 eh!
A second sacrifice, which leads to a forced mate. Also leading to a win would be 29 N-N6, followed by 30 R-K7.
29 . . . QxR
Or 29 . . . K-Rl ; 30 Q-R4 eh, etc.
30 Q-N6 eh 31 Q-R6 eh Or 31 . . . N-R2.
32 N-N6 mate K-Rl Q-R2
Black, the amateur, lost because he failed to understand the under
lying idea of the opening. In the Nimzo-Indian, the Black player must always be prepared to ex
change his KB for White's QN.
Theory has developed lines along which Black can get compensation either by forcing doubled Pawns in the hostile camp or by taking the initiative. If Black does not understand the compensations in
volved, he can give up his Two Bishops for nothing, with all the bad consequences thereof.
Game 2
The 4 Q-B2, P-B4 variation of the Nimzo-Indian
The disadvantage of a premature advance of Q-side Pawns Exploiting the weaknesses in a Pawn formation
Winning the isolated Pawn Making the "plus Pawn" count The "eternal pin"
Steinitz stated that of all chess pieces the Pawn has one peculiarity possessed by no other piece: it can only go forward, never backward.
Because of this fact, warned Steinitz, be extra cautious with your Pawn moves.
Certainly, there are cases in which a Pawn is more useful on the 4th rank than on the 2nd, and perhaps still more so on the 6th rank. But this is not a general rule. There must be some clear and definite reason for advancing the Pawns at a given phase of the game and on given areas of the board. This is especially true in the opening, for Pawn moves may automatically lead to a lag in development that increases the vulnerability of advanced Pawns.
Advancing Pawns on the K side entails more risks than advancing them on any other section of the board, for K-side Pawns normally have the function of guarding the most valuable piece on the board-the King.
This does not mean, however, that one can advance one's Pawns hap
hazardly on the Q side without disadvantageous consequences. If the opponent is able to attack the advanced Q-side Pawns with his own Pawns and force a breach in the advanced formation, many disagreeable consequences can result.
In this game, there is an unmotivated Pawn advance on the Q side which looks the more attractive because White can drive back a Black Bishop at the same time that he pushes his Pawns. But Black has counter
means at his disposal. Soon, those White Pawns are attacked and de
stroyed, and of White's once mighty Pawn phalanx there remains only an
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isolated White BP, which is soon lost. This is the first phase of the game.
Next, Black has to solve the problem of how to convert his material
plus into a win. He gets the opportunity of forcing a passed Pawn. But this alone seldom solves such a problem, for in general, the opponent has just as many possibilities of stopping the Pawn as its possessor has of supporting it. But the result of the tug-of-war over the passed Pawn is often that the defending pieces are limited to certain points from which they can block the passed Pawn, which gives the pieces of the other side ample opportunity to undertake something new-a second front! This is the advantage of a clear plus!
Nimzo-lndian Defense : 4 Q-B2, P-B4 Variation Amateur
White
I P-Q4 2 P-QB4 3 N-QB3 4 Q-B2
Master Black N-KB3 P-K3 B-N5 The theory and ideas behind this Nimzo-Indian Defense are ex
plained in the notes on the opening of the previous game.
4 . . . P-B4
Black immediately attacks White's center. As was pointed out in the previous game, he could equally well reply 4 . . . P-Q4 or
4 . . . 0-0.
5 PxP
White can also play 5 P-K3, but 5 P-QR3, BxN eh is quite sat
isfactory for Black both after 6 QxB, PxP; 7 QxP, N-B3; 8 Q-B3, P-Q4 and after 6 PxB, Q-R4; 7 B-Q2, 0-0. Black has some pres
sure against the White Q wing and White's doubled BP is awkward and could become weak.
5 . . . 0-0
A difficult position. White has to continue his development, al
ways taking into account the strate
gical and tactical consequences of . . . BxN eh; Black must find a way to win back the Pawn on his QB4 and exercise keen judgment as to the value of . . . BxN eh. In one position, . . . BxN eh may be bad for Black, while in a slightly differ
ent position, it may be strong. In most cases, Black does not play . . . BxN eh voluntarily, but only when forced to do so by White's P-QR3.
First, let us illustrate some of the consequences of . . . BxN eh. Let us say that White plays 6 P-KN3.
Black could then reply 6 . . . BxN
15 positional advantage, because Black's QP is backward on an open file. If, however, White tries to
This move enhances Black's tactical possibilities, because it could en
able Black to play under certain
Certainly, Black is not obliged to play . . . BxN eh; he can continue simply by . . . BxP. But in that case, White gets a fine game: good development, influence in the cen
lcr, more space.
For that reason, Black answers
0 B-N5 by . . . N-R3, with the intention of controlling his K5 square after . . . NxP. If White docs not do anything special against
it, Black gets a good game; e.g., already mentioned several times : 9 .. . KN-K5; 10 BxQ, NxQ; 1 1 B-K7, apparently the refutation, but 1 1 . . . N-N6 also wins the this opening"because of the vulner
able position of the White Queen.