CAPÍTULO 3: VALIDACIÓN DE LA SOLUCIÓN PROPUESTA
3.4 PRUEBAS DE CAJA NEGRA
Although it has been featured in movies and science fiction novels,110 liquid breathing does not appear to be a likely prospect for real-world diving, the reason being the high density and viscosity of the liquid medium.
Kylstra and colleagues111 showed that mice could survive while breathing normal saline solution saturated with oxygen at 3 atm.
Subsequent studies with oxygenated fluoro-carbon compounds showed that adequate oxygenation could be achieved without the need for inert gas and its accompanying nar-cosis and decompression problems.112 It is possible to deliver enough oxygen using hyperoxygenated saline solution at pressures greater than approximately 3 atm and even at sea level using fluorocarbon fluids that readily dissolve large quantities of oxygen.113 But the only way that carbon dioxide can be removed from the lungs is to flush it out (this is called ventilation when gas is used for flushing). The effective rate of carbon dioxide removal using a liquid medium is just enough to sustain normal basal metabolism at the flow rates possible, but hypercapnia devel-ops with even low levels of exercise. If the right kind of low-density, low-viscosity, non-toxic solution could be found that would absorb the carbon dioxide and carry it out, perhaps with a nontoxic buffer or with stabi-lized microbubbles, liquid breathing might become feasible. At present, the viable breathing media are all gases.
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