Pruebas

Southeast Asia is a centre of diversity of a number of tropical fruits, Indian sub- continent comprising vast semi-arid and arid areas have enormous diversity of underutilized fruit species. A number of multipurpose tree species commonly grow as populations unattended in these inhospitable and stressed environments and also in the agricultural fields as isolated trees or in small groups. In most of the species no organized orcharding, nutritional management and plant protection practices are followed. These species have outstanding adaptation capabilities to drought tolerance, salt tolerance and are also resistant to major pest and diseases. Continued overexploitation of these species from natural habitats, increasing demand for land for agriculture and industry and least attention for this natural wealth has resulted in extensive degradation of their habitats. Protection, maintenance and extension of tree cover is also essential to support agricultural production besides meeting the requirements of local population for fodder, feed, fuelwood and timber (Hockings, 1993). It is, therefore, urgent to take up the work on genetic resource management and improvement of underutilized fruits to ensure the food and nutritional security of tribal and rural population and to enhance the income of farmers cultivating these fruits. Following thrust and priority areas have been identified and suggested for the efficient management of genetic resources and for giving desired impetus to their promotion:

1. Specific survey and exploration are to be carried out on the basis of thorough gap analysis to collect specific genetic resources of these species from natural wild or semi-domesticated locations.

2. Several of these underutilized fruit species are propagated through seeds and posses vast genetic variability and heterogeneity for important traits. There is an urgent need to characterize and evaluate the available germplasm for the identification of area/state specific quality genotypes for commercial horticulture. 3. Vegetative propagation techniques are to be developed for maintaining the

genotype purity and early bearing of these underutilized fruits.

4. To promote traditional underutilized fruits and to enhance the farmers income especially of small and marginal farmers selection of suitable cultivars and

availability of planting material is desirable. Cultivars with following traits would be important:

a) Cultivars with high and stable production potential b) Cultivars with ability to resist/tolerate stresses c) Cultivars with diverse quality traits

d) Specific genetic resources e.g i) Cultivars for given niches ii) Cultivars specific for agro-processing iii) Cultivars specific with export potential

5. Facilities for fruit marketing, processing and value addition of products should be developed at panchayat and block levels for ensuring desirable economic returns to farmers and also help in crop diversification. This would help in enhancing socio-economic conditions of farmers and safe guard the invaluable diversity of these indigenous fruits and associated traditional knowledge. 6. In situ conservation priorities for these species are to be developed immediately

to ensure their dynamic conservation by identifying protected areas and on farm conservation sites.

7. Several ex-situ conservation approaches have been suggested depending on propagation method and storage behavior of these fruit species for long-term conservation. Successful protocols are to be developed for true-to-type conservation of species where promising cultivars have been identified. 8. Molecular characterization studies are to be intensified in these underutilized

fruit species to support the morphological characterization and assess the exact level of genetic diversity and its utilization.

9. Besides horticultural importance some of these species are excellent source for genes of heat, water stress and salt tolerance. Expressed Sequence Tag’s (ESTs) identified from these species would provide an insight into the molecular basis of stress tolerance.

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