Newman and Turing‗s Bombe for crypto-analysis at Bletchley Park are a few examples of computational tools which have been fundamental to the evolution ofdigital technologies to support mathematical developments, 1970‘s introduction of simple four function calculator then evolution of computers, computer algebra systems, laptops, handheld technology devices like smart phones, tablets, audio books, dynamic geometry packages, video based learning, internet resources, mail chats for discussions have changed mathematics teaching and learning. There are various types of technologies currently used in classrooms. Among these are:
i)Computer Algebra System: Many theorems and problems in mathematics have very abstract ideas which student fid difficult CAS helps to understand those ideas, which improves students problem solving skills. Students enjoy the power and versatility of computeralgebra and are encouraged to become reflective, deep learners.CAS helps in the visualizations of 2D and 3D plot. A better approach is to consider alternatives,experiment, conjecture and test, then analyze the results. CAS solves complex computations easily, if more routine computation is done on a computer more
time is available for concentrating on concepts, motivation, applications and Investigations.
ii)Internet Resources:Wide range of internet resources available for teachers and students, on the internet. Massive open online courses offers opportunities for mathematics learners to improve their knowledge.MOOC‘s uses multimedia formats and short videos. Many online tools like Khan Academy are available on internet; students can benefit a lot from them. They can study materials given on the websites of good institutes in mathematics around the world.They can discuss problems in mathematics with anyone around the globe. Internet resources enable students to visualize mathematical concepts.There are many biographical historical resources available on internet which helps students to understand history and biography of mathematics and mathematicians which motivates students for further studies in mathematics. many professional societies webpage‘s are there which provide information on membership, events, career and employment, professional development, and often, online resources. Some societies also conducts online mathematics competitions, which "seeks to increase interest in mathematics and to develop problem solving ability through a series of friendly mathematics contests
iii)Mobile- Learning: Portability,availabilility,access to the internet and its wide acceptance amongst youth has made mobile learning as a new tool of learning mathematics.Mobile
JAN-MAR, 2018, VOL-7/37 Page 83 learning has effective on students 'participation in learning Mathematics. With the help of mobile devices students can learn mathematics anywhere any time. They are used to having access to multiple and instantaneous sources of information.It gives alternative to computers or laptops and campus lectures many good institutes around the world has video lectures on their websites which students can learn and study from great mathematicians around the globe.Also mobile devices are cheaper than laptops or computers. Use of mobiles can increase motivation amongst students for learning mathematics. Even teachers can carry lesson plan in their mobiles instead of carrying papers with them.
iv) e-learning : e-learning improves the way we learn mathematics-learning in mathematics has major impacts on many aspects of teaching-learning systems.e-learning helps a lot to an interested students in mathematics because in campus they may not get good material to study but even if they get good material a good mathematics student is not satisfied with that and they use to search more and more material on it and via e-learning they get good material on internet and they study it in more deep stage. E-learning is very flexible we can learn anywhere any time. Even teachers can be anywhere and do teaching anytime.e-learning gives extra help to mathematics learners that makes understanding complex concepts-learning increase student‘s access to information ideas and interaction that explores mathematics in depth.
v)Interactive Whiteboards: An interactive white board allows multiple visualizations, multimedia presentations,animation.Interactive whiteboards can be used to develop a particular mathematics concept and to improve mathematical knowledge. WBs connect a computer to a data projector and a large touch-sensitive board that displays the image projected from the computer and allows direct input and manipulation through the use of fingers or styli. The Interactive whiteboards potentialities to enhance the quality of interaction, promotes group activities in mathematics. This way of teaching mathematics over the routine way helps poor or average learner in mathematics to understand and perform better mathematics.
vi)Video based learning: Video based learning in mathematics education can impact on teaching and learning mathematics which encourage teachers for flipped classroom where lecture is being uploaded online and watched by students and homework Is done inside the classroom together with the teacher.This is student centric learning which is more effective.Flipped classroom is not the instructional videos on their own. Time for teaching mathematics courses is not sufficient here flipped classroom plays a important role, it helps to complete syllabus in time. As students can pause the video in between and they can even repeat the video it helps the slow learners understand the topic.In India National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning(NPTEL) which is an initiative by seven Indian Institutes of Technology and IISC for creating course contents in engineering and science has given many video courses, where leading Indian mathematicians have given their lectures any student from any corner of India can learn from these video courses. Also huge numbers of videos are available on YouTube students can study at home and understand better.
JAN-MAR, 2018, VOL-7/37 Page 84 vii)Digital Games: The field of educational games and serious games has been growing significantly over thelast few years. The digital games are being provided as tools for the classroom and have a lot of positivefeedback including higher motivation for students.
viii) Social media:Social media is now a vital part of our life.Social media provide a range of tools that can be used to support innovative teaching practices and promote learning. In colleges teachers and students form whatsapp groups and they discuss homeworks and other mathematical problems in the group. It also helps in information exchange related to mathematics and nowadays it is a easiest way of communication. Also on Face book people poses mathematical problems and peoples can discuss and share their ideas.
ix) Software’s: Computer algebra systems, Geogebra, Sagemath, Deltamelt, Mathbuntu, Scilab, Octave, Gnuplot, Pari, Maxima,GapSpss, R etc.
Software‘scan be used as powerful assistants to perform the symbol manipulations and computations in algebra as well as calculus.
x) Virtual Classroom: A virtual classroom provides the opportunity for students to receive direct instruction from a qualified teacher in an interactive environment. Students can ask their doubts ask questions to the instructor. Web conferencing is possible which allows to interactwith teacher and a student. Also these lectures can be recorded and uploaded on server which allows playback of any lecture which is extremely useful for students.