L OS PUENTES METÁLICOS
IV.2. Puentes viga metálicos
21. Net income from lending, leasing and insurance transactions before provisions for risks
The net income from lending and leasing transactions before provisions for risks developed as follows:
€ million 2014 2013
Interest income from lending and money market transactions 3,700 3,337
Income from leasing transactions and service contracts 11,728 9,593
Expenses from leasing business and service contracts –8,470 –6,712
Depreciation and impairment losses on leasing and rental assets as well as investment property –1,958 –1,548
Interest expense –1,579 –1,441
Total 3,421 3,229
The interest income from lending and money market transactions as well as the income from leasing transactions and service contracts contain interest income on impaired receivables in the amount of €30 million (previous year:
€27 million).
Income from leasing transactions and service contracts includes rental income from investment property amounting to €2 million (previous year: €2 million). Furthermore, contingent rents under finance leases of €34 million (previous year:
€37 million) and under operating leases of €11 million (previous year: €12 million) were recognized under income from leasing transactions and service contracts. The review of the measurement parameters identified a negative effect of
€64million on earnings.
Payments of €366million were recognized in the income statement in the current year for the assets leased within the scope of buyback transactions.
Impairment losses recognized as a result of the impairment test on leasing and rental assets amounted to €94 million (previous year: €82 million) and are contained in the depreciation and impairment expense on leasing and rental assets.
Income from the reversal of impairment losses recognized in previous years on leasing and rental assets amounted to €2 million (previous year: €13 million) and is contained in the income from leasing transactions.
Interest income included herein from financial instruments that are not attributable to the category of assets or finan-cial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss amounts to €3,716 million (previous year: €3,369 million).
The net income from insurance transactions is comprised as follows:
€ million 2014 2013
Premiums earned from insurance business 135 95
Expenses for insurance claims –82 –57
Expenses for reinsurance commissions and profit sharing –8 –6
Other underwriting expenses 0 0
Total 45 32
The interest expense contains refinancing expenses from lending and leasing transactions. A total of €1,553 million (pre-vious year: €1,447 million) of that expense concerns financial instruments not measured at fair value through profit or loss.
The net interest expense in the current fiscal year from derivatives that are not hedges amounts to €61million (previous year: net income of €47million).
22. Provisions for risks arising from lending and leasing business
The provisions for risks relate to the balance sheet items “Receivables from customers” and “Provisions for lending trans-actions”. Their effect on the income statement of the VW FS AG Group is as follows:
€ million 2014 2013
Additions to risk provisions –726 –834
Reversal of risk provisions 290 255
Direct utilization –108 –121
Income from receivables written off 75 85
Total –469 –615
Additional default risks totaling €80 million arising for the Volkswagen Financial Services AG Group as a result of the euro-zone crisis were recognized in the current fiscal year (previous year: €150 million).
23. Net commission income
The net commission income of €132 million (previous year: €140 million) contains €453 million (previous year: €412 million) in income from insurance agency services.
24. Result from the measurement of derivative financial instruments and hedged items
This item contains the result from hedging transactions, the result from derivatives that are not hedges and the result from the measurement of foreign currency receivables and liabilities.
The result from hedging transactions contains income and expenses from the fair value measurement of hedging transactions and hedged items. Gains and losses from other derivatives that are not hedges contain income and expenses from market value changes of derivatives which do not fulfil the requirements of IAS 39 for hedge accounting.
The detailed figures are as follows:
€ million 2014 2013
Gains/losses on fair value hedging instruments 408 –218
Gains/losses on underlying transactions of fair value hedges –399 207
Ineffective portion of cash flow hedging instruments –1 –4
Gains/losses from currency hedging instruments –37 11
Gains/losses from the measurement of foreign currency receivables/liabilities –94 –21
Gains/losses from other derivatives that are not hedges 111 33
Total –12 8
No further fair value changes had to be recognized in connection with financial instruments.
25. Result from marketable securities and other financial assets
The result from marketable securities and other financial assets comprises income and expenses from marketable securi-ties, dividend income as well as income and expenses from profit transfers.
26. General administration expenses
The general administration expenses are made up as follows:
€ million 2014 2013
Staff costs –869 –732
Non-staff costs –879 –741
Costs of advertising, PR work and sales promotion –67 –48
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of and impairment losses on
intangible assets –67 –62
Other taxes –11 –21
Total –1,893 –1,604
The non-staff costs contain expenses for leased assets under operating leases that are attributable in particular to rental payments for land and buildings as well as operating and office equipment. These expenses total €38 million (previous year: €26 million).
As required by § 314(1) no. 9 HGB, the general administration expenses for the 2014 fiscal year include fees billed for the audit of the annual financial statements amounting to €2 million (previous year: €1 million), for other assurance, valuation and tax advisory services amounting to €2 million (previous year: €2 million), and for other services amounting to
€4 million (previous year: €1 million).
Amortization and impairment losses on intangible assets contain an impairment loss of €1 million (previous year:
€9 million) recognized on internally generated software.
27. Other operating result
Other operating result is made up as follows:
€ million 2014 2013
Income from costs charged to companies of the Volkswagen Group 55 48
Income from the reversal of provisions and accrued liabilities 335 157
Income from claims for damages 19 12
Other operating income 236 204
Other operating expenses –593 –381
Other operating result 52 40
28. Taxes on income and earnings
Taxes on income and earnings include taxes charged by Volkswagen AG because of overall fiscal tax group, taxes which are owed by VW FS AG and its consolidated subsidiaries, and deferred taxes. The income taxes are made up as follows:
€ million 2014 2013
Effective tax expense in Germany –193 –284
Effective tax expense abroad –228 –367
Effective tax expense –421 –651
Income from the reversal of tax provisions and tax refunds 7 27
Effective taxes on income and earnings –414 –624
of which not attributable to the reporting period –2 13
Deferred tax income/expense in Germany 34 110
Deferred tax income/expense abroad –40 141
Deferred tax income/expense –6 251
of which not attributable to the reporting period –12 15
Total –420 –373
The actual tax expense in 2014 amounting to €420million (previous year: €373million) is €28million higher (previous year: €15million lower) than the expected tax expense of €392million (previous year: €388million), which results from applying a tax rate of 29.8% (previous year: 29.5%) on the pre-tax result of the Group. The following reconciliation shows the connection between taxes on income and earnings and the pre-tax result in the fiscal year:
€ million 2014 2013
Profit before tax 1,317 1,315
multiplied by the German income tax rate of 29.8 % (previous year: 29.5 %)
= arithmetical income tax expense in the fiscal year at the German income tax rate –392 –388
+ Effects from tax credits 2 1
+ Effects from German/foreign tax rate 6 7
+ Effects from tax rate changes –1 –7
+ Effects from permanent accounting differences –24 6
+ Effects on account of tax-free income 49 31
+ Effects from loss carryforwards –4 1
+ Effects from non-deductible operating expenses –31 –45
+ Taxes not attributable to the reporting period –14 28
+ Other differences –11 –7
= actual taxes on income and earnings –420 –373
The statutory corporation tax rate in Germany for the 2014 assessment period was 15%. An aggregate tax rate of 29.8%
results when this rate is combined with the trade tax and the solidarity surcharge.
The effects resulting from different rates of income tax in other countries arise due to the income tax rates of the indi-vidual countries where the VW FS AG Group companies have their registered office. These rates, which differ from the German income tax rate, are between 12.5% and 40.0% (previous year: 12.5% and 40.7%).
As of December 31, 2014, the company's unutilized loss carryforwards totaled €271 million (previous year: €103 mil-lion), for which deferred tax assets of €31 million (previous year: €15 million) were recognized. Of these unused loss carryforwards, €197 million (previous year: €10 million) do not expire. There were also loss carryforwards of €33million (previous year: €92million), which must be utilized in the next five years and €23million (previous year: €0.5million), which must be utilized within a period of five to ten years, and €18million (previous year: €0million),, which can be utilized within a period of more than ten years.
Deferred tax assets were not recognized for €159 million in unusable loss carryforwards (previous year: €46 million). If these unusable loss carryforwards, €49million (previous year: €46million) can be utilized to a limited extent of up to more than 20 years and €110million (previous year: €0million), can be used indefinitely.
The tax assets granted by the various states led to a tax advantage of €6million (previous year: €0.2 million).
Deferred tax expense decreased by €2 million in the fiscal year (previous year: €3 million) due to loss carryforwards not taken into account in earlier periods. The deferred tax expense from the depreciation of deferred tax assets amount to
€4million in the current fiscal year Deferred tax expenses resulting from changes in tax rates amounted to €1 million at the VW FS AG Group level (previous year: €7 million).
Deferred tax asset was not recognized in the balance sheet for temporary differences of €5million (previous year:
€8million).
Deferred taxes of €91 million (previous year: €43 million) were capitalized without being offset by deferred tax liabili-ties in the same amount. The companies concerned expect positive taxable income in the future following losses in the current fiscal year or in the previous year.
Deferred tax liabilities of €28million (previous year: €20million) for temporary differences and undistributed profits of subsidiaries of Volkswagen Financial Services AG due to existing controls were not recognized pursuant to IAS 12.39.
Of the deferred taxes recognized in the balance sheet, a total of €71 million (previous year: €31 million) relate to busi-ness transactions that were recognized directly in equity. A partial amount of €71 million (previous year: €33million) concerns actuarial gains/losses (IAS 19), a partial amount of €5million (previous year: €–0.3 million) relates to deriva-tive financial instruments and a partial amount of €–5 million (previous year: €–2 million) concerns the market valua-tion of marketable securities.
29. Further income statement disclosures
Expenses and income from fees and commissions which are not attributable to the category of assets or financial liabilities measured at fair value and which are not accounted for using the effective interest rate method:
€ million 2014 2013
Commission income 65 51
Commission expenses 0 0
Total 65 51
These relate to fiduciary activities.