A. Cambio de habitación
4.7. Puesto de portero del hotel
As repeatedly stated coffee production is a highly cash crop business and foreign exchange commodity
.
Its contribution to households’ income and food security is very high. It also provides job opportunities for other peoples other than farmers. Regardless of its contribution, however, the emphasis given nationally to the sector is relatively low compared to the benefit gained from this crop. As a result of this, institutional support provided to this sector, such as credit service, research and extension was not to the expected level. These factors together with several household personal, demographic and socio-economic factors greatly affected the adoption of old coffee stumping technologies and consequently production and productivity of the sector. Based on the research findings of this study, the following points arerecommended to improve farmers’ adoption of old coffee stumping technology so as to enhance production and productivity.
Non-adoption and variation in level of adoption among households was found to be influenced among other things by households’ size of coffee farm, participation of other coffee production extension like raising coffee seedlings, participation in extension events (training, field visiting and hosting demonstration), education, and generally resource owner ship and income position. As a result of this, female headed households and resource poor farmers could not adopt old coffee stumping technology. Therefore, strengthen of financial position of female households and resource poor male households have to be considered as a central and core component of any development intervention in the sector.
Old coffee stumping technology involves the use of different practices which require knowledge and skill of application and management. Education was found to have a strong relation with adoption of old coffee stumping technology as it enhances ability to acquire and use information required for stumping and management. Therefore, due emphasis has to be given towards strengthening rural education at different levels for youth and adults.
Farmers’ deviation from estimated of old coffee holdings which could be stumped and recommended package was found partly due to poor extension service and lack of relevance of the recommended type of old coffee which could be stumped. Therefore, revisiting of the previous estimated total area of old coffee which could be stumped is highly important. And increasing of the farmers’ knowledge of relative advantage of stumping and the type of coffee which could be stumping is crucial. To this end promotion of participatory research and participatory assessing and estimating of old coffee which could be stumping should be given due attention. Similarly, extension service provision especially with farmers’ field school has to be strengthened so as to improve farmers’ access to information and extension advices.
As discussed in focus group discussion one of the major bottle necks to the development of old coffee stumping technology is poor supply and access of stumping and pruning tools.
Especially pruning shears, since after stumping the next critical operation is sucker control management and done with this pruning shear. And almost all of adopter respondents have
not these tools; therefore it is highly affected intensity of adoption of old coffee stumping technology. In addition to this scarcity the existing limited stumping sow and pruning shears are poor in quality, it loss its’ sharpness with one round working. This implies that a need of provision of enough quantity of this tools with the standard quality with reasonable and affordable price. Especially at this time since there is a prevalence of coffee wilt disease, to control or minimize dissemination of this disease it is better every coffee grower households have their own personal tools.
The other point which was discussed in focus group discussion was that some of the farmers criticize stumped coffee production had not give better yield than un stumped old coffee plants specially to some farmers field. And as the researcher observed and not few some farmers said that their stumped coffee gave better yield, the problem of this criticism is due to soil fertility status of those specific stumped plots. Therefore soil fertility management and stumping should be done simultaneously; otherwise with out improving soil fertility stumping alone is not enough to improve coffee production. This implies that great attention should be taking for soil fertility equally to stumping to get the desired increment of production by stumping.
Result of this study also indicated that there was significant difference in adoption and level of adoption among farmers who perceived the problem of coffee oldness and production declined positively and not perceived positively. Hence, emphasis has to be given to create awareness and show the problem with tangible evidence is important and due attention for adoption and intensity of adoption of old coffee stumping technology.
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