RAPID SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (RSTP)

Due to the jump in velocity across the duct vortex wake (Figure 3.3) it was found necessary to adopt the procedure outlined in Section 5.5 to account for propulsor slipstream contraction.

These modifications together with the formulation of the ducted propulsor design method will now be detailed in the coming Chapters.

References

1) SilverleafjA. "Prospects for Unconventional Marine Propulsion Devices", 7th

Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Office of Naval Research, Arlington Va., USA, August 1968

2) Borges,!. "Three Dimensional Inverse Design of Turbomachinery", Ph.D.

Thesis, Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, 1986

3) Zangeneh,M. "Three Dimensional Design of Radial-Inflow Turbines", Ph.D.

Thesis, Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, 1988

4) Lewis,R.I. "Vortex Element Methods for Fluid Dynamic Analysis of

Engineering Systems", Cambridge Engine Technology Series, Cambridge University Press, 1991

5) Murugesan,K., Railly,J.W. "Pure Design Method for Aerofoils in Cascade",

pp454-470, J. Mech. Eng. Sci., Vol. 11, No.5, 1969

6) Thompkins,W.T., Tong,S.S. "Inverse or Design Calculations for Nonpotential

Flow in Turbomachinery Blade Passages", p82, ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 104, April 1982

7) Wilkinson,D.H. "A Numerical Solution of the Analysis and Design Problems for

the Flow Past One or More Aerofoils", Aeronautical Research Council Reports and Memoranda (ARC R & M) No. 3545, London, April 1967

8) Novak,R.A., Haymann-Haber,G. "A Mixed-Flow Cascade Passage Design Procedure Based on a Power Series Expansion", p231, ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 105, April 1983

9) Betz,A., Flugge-Lotz,I. "Design of Centrifugal Impeller Blades", NACA TM-

902,1939

10) Hawthome,W.R., Wang,C., Tan,C.S., McCune,J.E. "Theory of Blade Design for Large Deflections: Part I - Two-Dimensional Cascade", ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 106, April 1984

11) Jennions,I.K., Stow,P. "A Quasi-Three-Dimensional Turbomachinery Blade Design System: Part I - Throughflow Analysis", p301, ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 107, April 1985

12) Jennions,I.K., Stow,P. "A Quasi-Three-Dimensional Turbomachinery Blade Design System: Part II - Computerised System", p308, ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 107, April 1985

13) Dang,T.Q. "A Fully Three-Dimensional Inverse Method for Turbomachinery Blading in Transonic Flows", ASME Paper 92-GT-209, 1992

14) Zhao,X., Sun,C., Wu,C. "A Simple Method for Solving Three-Dimensional Inverse Problems of Turbomachine Flow and the Annular Constraint Condition", p293, ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol.107, April 1985

15) Okurounmou,0., McCune,J.E. "Lifting Surface Theory of Axial Compressor Blade Rows: Part I - Subsonic Compressor", p i 363, AIAA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 10, October 1974

16) Tan,C.S., Hawthorne,W.R., McCune,J.E., Wang,C. "Theory of Blade Design

for Large Deflections: Part II - Annular Cascades", ASME Journal of

Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 106, April 1984

17) Lamb,H. "Hydrodynamics", p248. Sixth Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1932

18) Hawthorne,W.R. "The Actuator Duct Representation of Turbomachinery Blade Rows", CUED/A - Turbo/TR 119, Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, 1983

19) Dang,T.Q., McCune,J.E. "Design Method for Highly-Loaded Blades with Blockage in Cascade", presented at the Symposium on Computation of Internal Flows: Methods and Applications", New Orleans, 11-16th February, 1984

20) Denton,J.D. "Throughflow Calculations for Transonic Axial Flow Turbines", ASME Journal of Engineering for Power, Vol. 100, April 1978

21) Dang,T.Q., McCune,J.E. "A Three-Dimensional Blade Design Method in Rotational Flow", Proc. Intl. Conference on Inverse Design Concepts in Engineering Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, USA, 1984

22) Hawthorne,W.R. "Rotational Flow Through Cascades. Part I : The

Components of Vorticity", p266-279. Quart. Joum. of Mech. & Appl. Math.,

Vol.8, 1955

23) Horlock,J.H., Lakshminarayana,B. "Secondary Flows: Theory, Experiment, and Application in Turbomachinery Aerodynamics", Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, V ol.5,1973

24) Hawthome,W.R., Tan,C.S. "Design of Turbomachinery Blading in 3D Flow by the Circulation Method: A Progress Report", International Conference On Inverse Design In Engineering Sciences (ICIDES), 1987

25) Zangeneh,M. "A Compressible Three-Dimensional Inverse Design Method for Radial and Mixed Flow Turbomachinery", International Journal of Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 13, pp599-624, 1991

26) Denton,J.D. "An Improved Time Marching Method for Turbomachinery Flow Calculations", ASME Journal of Engineering for Power, p514. Vol. 105, No.3, 1983

27) Zangeneh,M. "Inviscid-Viscous Interaction Method for 3D Inverse Design of Centrifugal Impellers", ASME Paper 93-GT-103, ASME, 1993

28) Dawes,W.N. "Application of Full Navier-Stokes Solvers to Turbomachinery Flow Problems", VKI Lecture Series 2: Numerical Techniques for Viscous Flow Calculations in Turbomachinery Blading, 1986

29) Dang,T.Q., Wang,T. "Design of Multi-Stage Turbomachinery Blading by the Circulation Method: Actuator Duct Limit", ASME Paper 92-GT-286, 1992

30) Dixon,S.L. "Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery", p2. Third Edition, Pergamon Press, 1978

Rotor Blades Outlet V anes

Flow

(a) Single Stage Axial Flow Compressor or Pump

Rotor Blades

Outlet V anes Flow

(b) Mixed Flow Pump

Flow Direction

Outlet Diffuser

V aneless Diffuser

Volute

Impeller

Guide V anes Runner Blades

Flow Flow

Draught Tube

(c) Centrifugal Compressor or Pump

(d) Francis Turbine (Mixed Flow Type)

Guide V anes

Flow Flow

Draught Tube or Diffuser

(e) Kaplan Turbine

Nozzle Wheel Inlet Pipe F lo w - J e t (f) Pelton Wheel F i g u r e 3 . 1 : D i a g r a m m a t i c F o r m o f V a r i o u s T y p e s o f T u r b o m a c h i n e (as P r e s e n t e d b y D i x o n [30])

Mu I t i p I e BI ode Rows