Recapitulación de lo aprendido (10 minutos)

D. John Shakshober

Current ind

u

strv trends ILl\'C mm'Cd from centrali zed computing ofkred

lw

uniprocessors and svmmetric m ultiprocessing ( S M P ) S\

'S

tems to m ultinode, highh· a\·ailable and sellable s\·stems, called cl us

t

ers. The TruCiuster mu lticomputer svstem tor the D igital U N 1 X en\

'i

ron ment is the latest cluster p roduct from Digital Eq u i pment Corporation.

1

In this paper, \\'e discuss our test and resu lts on a

t

our-node Al phaServcr

8400 5/350 TruCiuster configuration

s u pporting the Oracle Para l lel Server database application. We evalu­ ate this system u nder the Transaction Processing Pert(m11ance Council's TPC-C be nchmark to prm·ide pcr

t

(Jrmance results in the competiti\ e market f(>r database Jpp lications.

The TPC:-C

_ben

_chm

_�

1rk is a medium-complcxit\', on -line trans:tction Jl

ro

cessing ( O LTP) ,,·orklo:�d.' ' I t i s based on :111 ord er-enrrv workload, \\'ith diff-eren t transaction t

y

pes ranging hum simple transactions to med i u m-complcxitv

tra

nsac

t

ions that have

2

to

50

times the number of _{cal ls of a simple transaction! To}

run the TPC-C benchmark on a clustered system, the

operating system and the database engine must present

a single

chtabJse

to the benchmark client. Thus the TruClustc:

r sy

stem running the Oracle PJra l lcl Server difters greath· �i·om a network-based c luster S\'Stem l)\' two signiliGlnt katures. first

, rhe

Digit:tl U N I X distri b­ uted ra1,. disk ( D R D ) sen·ice en

�

1bles

the

distrib u ted Oracle Parallel Senn to access a l l Ll\1' d isk \'O i umcs regardless of their p lwsicll location in the c luster. Second , the Oracle Par,1llel Sen er uses Digi

ta

J

'

s d istri b­ uted lock maiLlger

(

D LM ) to S\'llchronize a l l access to sh ared resources (such as i tJ memory cache blocks or disk blocks) across a Tru Cl

u

ster sysrem .

In tuning

the system

u nder test, \\'e used the DRD Jnd the D LM

snv

ice

s

to balance the database across the TruC i uster m u lticomputer system .

The

con

fig­

uration incl

u

de

s

a

s

pe

ci<llized pe ripheral compo­ nent interconnect ( PC l ) known as the M E M O RY CHANN EL _{interconnect to greJtlv improve the band­}

\\'id th a nd btenc\' bet\\'een t\\'O or more member nodes.' vVe tuned the S\

'

Stem under test to attain the peak band"

·

id

r

h of 100 megah\'tcs per second ( M B/s )

for hean· internode communication d u ring ch eck­ poin ting b\· using a dedicated

PC:l

bus

tor the

ME!'vlORY CHA N N EL _{i mcrcon ncct. We also tuned}

the S\'stcm u nder test to usc

the

1·en· large mcmon· tccllllologv and trade off mcmon· r()r

the

database

cache with mcmon· for DLM locks to impro1-c the

through put. ( For a discussion of this tcc

h

nologv, see the section Pcdormance E1·al uation Mct

ho

dologv.) vVc measu red the maxim u

m

throughput

,

the 90th percentile response time for each transaction type, and the keying and think times. Finally, we com par

ed

our

measured throughput and pricc/pcd(m11ancc with

competitive vendors like Tandem Computers and

Hewlett-Packard Company.

The rest of the paper

is

organized as f(>ilows. In the

next

section, we provide a svnopsis of the TruCi ustcr technology and i ntroduce the Oracle Parallel Scn·er, an optional Oracle product tlut enables t

h

e user to use

TruCiu

s

tcr tcchnolog1·

with the Oracle

relational database management S\'Stcm . Following th;lt, we gin: an m-cn·icll' of t

h

e TPC-C

b

cnc

hm

;Jrk. Next, 11-e

describe the system u nder test and our

ped(mnance

ev;lluation methodology. Then we discuss om pcrf<>r­ mance measurement results and

com

par

e

them with competitive vendor results. Finally, 1vc present our

concluding remJrks and discuss our tlltlll'C work. TruCiuster Clustering Technology

Digital's TruCiuster configuration consists of inter­

connected computers ( uniprocessors or SM Ps) and e

xt

ernal d isks connected to one or more shared, smal l

computer systems interC1ce ( S CS I ) bu

ses

providi ng

scn·iccs to clients.'' It presents a single rJII' vo lume

nai1Kspacc to a client with better application av;lilabil­

ity than a single system and better scala

bi

lity than an SM !'. A TruCiuster configuration supports highly par­ a l lcl izcd database managers, such as the Oracle PJralkl

,- - - -

SERVER 1 M EMORY CHANNEL ADAPTER

Serl'cr, to pr01·ide i ncrementa l pedormance scaling of at least

80

percent r()r transJction processing appli­

cations. The undcrll'i

ng

tcchnologl' to pro1·id

e

this

incremental growt

h

i ncludes a PCI- based M EMORY CHAN N E L interconm:ct t()r commu

nicati

on

betii'Cen

cluster

m

em

b

ers.'' The M E MO RY CHANI'FL

interconnect provides a 100-MB/s, memory-m<lppcd

con nection between cluster members.' The cluster

members map transfers ti·om the M EM O RY

C H AN N E L interconnect i n to their memory u

si

ng standard mc

m

orv :1cccss i nstructions. The use of memory store i nstructions rather than special 1/0 i nstructions prc)l'ides low IJtcncv ( tii'O microseconds) and Jow OITrhcad f()r a transfl:r of am· Jength.-

Tbe TruCi ustcr r(>r Digit;ll U N I X product su pports up to eight ( t(w r r(>r con1mcrcial D LM/DRD - based appl ications ) cluster mem bers con nected to a com­ mon cluster imcrconncn. The computer

svstems

supported within a cluster arc AlphaSe rver systems of varyi ng processor speed Jnd num ber of processors. The member systems run :1pplicarions ( tor example, user applications ), as well JS monitor the state of each member syste

m,

e

ach shored disk, the M EMO RY

C HAi'l N E L i nterconnect, and the netlvork. These

cluster mem bers commu nicate o1·er the M El'dO RY

CHAN NEL i n terconnect.'' � A M E MO RY CHANNEL con tigu ration consists of a M ENI O RY CHANN E L adapter i nstalled in J l'C I slot and link cables t o con­ nect the adapters. I n J connguration \\'ith more than

two members, the M EJVIO RY CHANNEL adapters

are con nected to a 1YI EMORY CHAI': N E L bu b. A

typical TruCi ustcr configuration with a M E MO RY

CHANNEL hu

b is shown in

figure l .

Applications can attain high availability by connect­ i ng two or

m

ore

member

svstcms to one or mor

e

SERVER 2 MEMORY CHANNEL ADAPTER SHARED STORAGE LOCAL STORAGE Figure 1

A Truc:l ustcr Contigmation ll'ith M EM O RY C H AN N E L H u b

4X

s h a red S C S I _buses

_,

_{thus constructing an} A_{1 ail able} S e rver Em·ironmcnt ( A S E )_{. A shared} SCSI _{bus is} requ i

r

ed onJv

fix

two- mem ber contigurations th�lt do

not have a M E M O RY C H A N N E L h u b . _{A l}t_hough M EMORY CHAN N EL _{is the onlv supported} c_{l u ster} in tcn:onnccr, Ethernet :md

fiber

d istributed d ata imcrraec ( FD D I ) _{arc supported for} co_{nnecting clients} to cluster members. Dis ks arc connected either lou l k

( i .e., nonsh::tred ) to a SCS I _{bus or} to �l _sh�1tnl SCS I bus bct\\'een tii'O or mmc member S\'Stc_{ms. A single node} i n the c l ust

e

r is used to scn'C the disk to ot_{l1er cluster} members. D isks on local buses obviously become unav_{ail<lblc upon f�1 i l u rc ohhc server nod e . The} SCSI

controller s

upported in this contlguration is the l'C : I d i s k a_da_pter, KZPSA.

The distinguis

h

ing kature of

the

TruCiustLT

sottware is its support of rhc

MEMORY

C H AN N EL as a cluster i nterconnect, thus pro1·i d i ng indusrn·­ lca_{dership pcrt}

₍

_mn�mcc ro imraclusrcr com m u tliu­ tion .'' The Tru C :I ustcr software i ncludes the f(Jl loll'ing components: the D L M , the connection manager, the D RD, and the c luster commu nication service. The D LM facil itates svnchronitation to shared resou rces to

�11lmember SI'Stcms i n a cluster b1· means of �1 run-rime lihratY Cooperating processes usc the D LM to S\'n­ chronize access to a sh�1red resource, a

[) J\1)

dei'ICC, J til e , or a program. The D Uvl _{sen·ice is primari l1· used}

lw the Oracle Parallel Server to coordina_{te :�cccss to the} uche and sha_{red disks that h�ll'e the data}b_{ase insta l led .''}

The

connection m�magcr maint<li ns inform:�tion :-rbour

the cluster contlguration �md m<lintains a commutlica­ tion path betll'een cKb cluster member fix usc by the

D LM . _{The D}L₁V_Iuscs this con figuLltion cbta and other con nection mJnagcr sen·ices to maintain �l disrrib ured lock data

b

ase. The D ll..D a_llO_I\'S _{t he c:>:pmting of}c_{l us­}

rcrll·ide ra11· dc_,·iccs. This aii()II'S disk- based uscr- ln·cl

:1ppl ications to run ll'ithin the cluster, regardless of ll'herc in the cluster the �J_{Ctu:�l physic:�! storage resides.} Therdorc a DRD service al loll's the Oracle Par�1 l lcl

Server paral lel access to stoLJgc media ti·om multiple

cl uster mem hns. The c l u ster comnH1 11icuion sen ic

e

is used to a l loc:1te the lVI EMORY C H .\ N N L I . _address space �llld Jll<lp it to the processor main memory. TPC-C Benchmark

The TPC : - C : bcnchm;lrk depicts the activit\' or· a generic \\·hoks<llr supr1licr compan1·. The h ierarclw

i n the T l'C :-C

busi

ness em·ironmcm is sho11·n i n Figure 2 . The com pam· consists o f a numbe

r

of gco­

graphicJI Iv distrib_{uted sales d istricts and associ<Jrcd} ll'archouscs. fu rther , there a rc 10 districts under each warehouse with c1ch district serving 3 ,000

( 3K)

CLIS­

tomcrs. All the ll'archouses maint<lin �1 stock of 1 0 ,000

i tems sold lw the companv. As the compam· gro\\'s, ne11· ll'�ln:houscs and associated S;Jks districts arc cre­ ate d . The business actiYitl· consists o t. customcr ca l l s

to l1l acc n c11 orders or request the st;Jtus of n.:isting

orders, pavmc_{m entries, processing orders r()r dcJi,·etT,} and stock-Jc,·cl cx�unination. The orders on an a1·erage arc composed of 1 0 mder li nes ( i . e . , l ine items ). Ninety-nine percen t of all orders C;Jn be met bv a loul 1\'are housc, :llld onlv one percem o f rhun need to be sold Lw a remote 11·arehouse.

The T l1C-C logic:1l d atabase components consist of

n i ne t•J_blcs.' hgurc

3

sho11 s the rc b_{tionship bctll'cen} these L1 blcs, the Clrdina_{litl' ofrhe t�1blcs ( i .e . , the n u m ­}

In document AULA TRADICIONAL vs AULA COOPERATIVA (página 78-84)