Red de distribución y transporte de frutas y hortalizas

Classification of particles and their interactions, Quantum numbers, Quarks as the building blocks of hadrons, colour degree of freedom.

Reference Books:

1. Introductory Nuclear Physics: S. S. M. Wong. 2. Nuclear Physics: V. Devanathan.

3. Concepts of Nuclear Physics: B. L. Cohen.

4. Fundamentals of Nuclear Physics: B. B. Srivastava. 5. Introduction to Nuclear Physics: H. A. Enge.

BPT-604: ATOMIC PHYSICS AND LASERS Credits: 3

Atomic Physics:

Brief review of Bohr and Sommerfeld model of atom. Effect of finite nuclear mass in relation to Rydberg constant. Idea of discrete energy levels and electron spin: Fanck – Hertz and Stern – Gerlach experiments

Significance of four quantum numbers and concept of atomic orbitals. One valence electron atom: Orbital magnetic dipole moment, Orbital, spin and total angular moenta, Larmor precession, Vector model of atom, Electronic configuration and atomic states, Spin-orbit interaction and fine structure,

Intensity of spectral lines, General selection rules. Zeeman Effect. Two valence electron atoms: LS and JJ coupling schemes and resulting spectra. Idea of normal and

inverted doublet.

Lasers and Non-Linear Optics:

Einstein coefficients, Threshold condition for LASER action, Rate equation for three level laser system, Characteristics of laser radiation. He-Ne and Nd-YAG Laser.

Significance of non-linear polarization of lasers and some applications: Second harmonic generation using non-linear optical methods.

Reference Books:

1. Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles: Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick.

2. Introduction to Atomic Spectra: H.E. White. 3. Principles of Lasers: Orazio Svelto.

157

BPE – 601: TOPICS IN MODERN PHYSICS Credits: 4

Theory of Relativity:

Gravitational red-shift, Doppler effect in relativity, Four dimensional space and concept of four- vector, Transformation properties of four-momentum and four-force, Vector and scalar potentials and Gauge transformation, Four-potential and four-current, Transformation relations for E and B, Invariance of Maxwell’s equations.

Astrophysics and Cosmology:

Introduction to the Universe, Expansion of the Universe, The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram, The cosmic microwave background radiation, The Big Bang Hypothesis, Nucleosynthesis: formation of nuclei and atoms, Formations of Galaxies and Stars, Thermal Nuclear Reaction, Astrophysical processes : H and He burning, the r-process, the rp-process, Chandrashekhar-limit, White Dwarf, Neutron star and Black Hole, Dark Matter and Dark Energy.

Atoms, Nuclei and Solids:

Rutherford scattering (detailed derivation), Compton scattering and comparison with Raman scattering, Mössbauer effect, Solid state detectors, Mass spectrometer (illustrated by Bainbridge and

Aston spectrometer), Charge particles in magnetic field, Landau levels,

Reference Books:

1. Elementary Modern Physics: A.P. Arya.

2. Introduction to Special Relativity : Robert Resnick. 3. Modern Physics: K.S. Krane.

4. Modern Physics: J. Bernstein, P.M. Fisshbane, Stephen Gasiorowicz. 5. Solid State Physics: N.W. Ashcroft and N.D. Mermin.

6. Cauldrons in the Cosmos: Nuclear Astrophysics: Clous E Rolf and William S. Rodney.

BPE-602: ELEMENTS OF NANOSCIENCE AND EXOTIC MATERIALS Credits: 4

Background Physics for Nano and Exotic Materials :

Electron Band Structure and Its Modification due to change in dimensionality. Phonon absorption in Nanomaterials.

Nano Materials:

Physical, Chemical and Bio-routes for Synthesis of Nanomaterials, Experimental Techniques for Characterization of Nanomaterials, Metal Nanoparticles, Carbon Nanostructures, Electronic Properties of Nanomaterials, Some applications of Nano Materials.

158

High Temperature Superconductors and Colossal Magnetoresistance Materials. Meissner Effect, Discovery of HTSC Materials, Structure and Properties of HTSC Materials, Elements of Proposed Mechanisms of high temperature superconductivity, Elementary Concepts of CMR Materials, Double Exchange Mechanism , Some Application of CMR material based devices.

Quasicrystals:

Basic definition of quasicrystal, Fibonaci Sequence, Penose Tiling and its Relevance to Structure of Quasicrystals.

Reference Books:

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics (VI Edition): Charles Kittel. 2. Introduction to Nanotechnology: C.P. Poole and F.J. Owens.

3. Nanobiotechnology : Concepts, Applications and Perspectives ( Eds. C.M. Niemeyer and C.A. Mikin).

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS*

Group – I

BPL-501 Credits: 3

1. Magnetic susceptibility of nickel ion. 2. Half-life of Indium116_.

3. Determination of Cauchy’s constant. 4. Prism Spectrograph.

5. Wavelength of laser and thickness of wire.

BPL-502 Credits: 3

1. Experiment on logic gates- Verification of laws of Boolean algebra. 2. Transient response of LCR circuit and determination of quality factor. 3. Experiment of negative feedback amplifier.

4. Power supply and filter characteristics. 5. Design of Zener regulated power supply. 6. Experiment on Fourier Analysis.

Group –II

BPL-601 Credits: 3

1. Determination of Planck’s constant. 2. Grating spectrograph.

3. GM Counter.

4. B-H curve and hysterisis loss. 5. Experiment on fiber optics.

6. Wedge angle and refractive index of water using laser.

159

BPL-602 Credits: 3

1. Positive feedback- Hartley and phase shift oscillator. 2. Amplitude modulation and demodulation characteristics.

3. Characteristics of FET and MOSFET and their application as amplifier. 4. Wave shaping circuits.

5. Characteristics of UJT and its application as relaxation oscillator.

* In Semester-V, half of the students will do the experiments of Group-I and the next half will do the experiments of Group-II. In Semester- VI the students will exchange their groups. Addition and deletion in the list of experiments may be made from time to time by the department.

160

B. Sc. (HONS.) PSYCHOLOGY

Department of Psychology Faculty of Arts Banaras Hindu University

161

Semester-wise Distribution of Courses and Credits

Semester­I 

Course Code  Title  Credits

PSB 101  (A)  Basic Psychological Processes (Credit­2) and 

(B) Elementary Experimental Methodology & Basic Statistics (Credit-2)

4 

PSB 102 

Practical based on course PSB 101

Total 6

Semester­II 

PSB 201  (A)  Foundations of Human Behaviour (Credit­2) and