REEMPLAZO DE LA BOMBILLA

CARACTERÍSTICAS

The File Menu

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Once you have located your file, open it by double-clicking on its name or by pressing the Open button after selecting its name. If you change your mind, press the Cancel key.

You can open only two types of files:

1 - VocalWriter music documents. These usually have a three character extension of “.trk” at the end of the file name. 2 - Standard MIDI Files. These typically have a three character

extension of “.mid” or “.kar” at the end of the file name.

When importing Standard MIDI Files, VocalWriter looks for either Macintosh file type of “Midi” or any file with the “.mid” (or “.MID”) extension. Standard MIDI formats of both Type 0 and Type 1 are supported. Since VocalWriter is MIDI channel independent, these will automatically be expanded into separate tracks for each instrument. An error alert will be shown if the result is more than the VocalWriter limit of 32 tracks.

When importing MIDI files, channel 10 data will be placed into separate tracks of type Drum. If you’re importing a Karaoke file (“.kar”), the lyrics will be extracted and placed in an Imported Lyrics window (see the Windows menu).

The Open command can also be initiated by pressing the Command-O key from the keyboard.

Fig 4.2

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Save

SaveSave

Choosing Save will automatically save the current song under the name that appears on the Tracks window title bar. The exception is for new songs (“Untitled X”) and imported Standard MIDI Files. With these, you will be given the option to rename the song before saving it to disk.

The Save command replaces the new old file with a new file of the same name. In other words, the old file’s data is lost forever. In most cases this is desirable since you mainly care about you most recent version. However, it’s a good idea to periodically save your work under a new name (use Save As…) just in case something goes wrong and you need to revert to a previous version. This way you can always fall back to an older version.

The Save command can also be initiated by pressing the Command-S key from the keyboard.

Save As…

Save As…Save As…

The Save As command presents you with a file directory dialog to save the current song to a new location or with a new name. You typically use this command to create a new version of a music file while preserving the previous version.

After you located where you want to store the new version and it has the desired file name in the text entry box at the bottom, press the Save button to create the new file. If you change your mind, press the Cancel button.

Fig 4.3

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Close

CloseClose

The Close command will close the current song and remove its name from the Songs menu. If there are still changes in your song that have not been saved, you’ll get a dialog giving you the option to save your work.

Fig 4.4

Closing a somg with unsaved changes.

Pressing the Don’t Save button will close the song and discard any changes you made. Pressing Cancel will cancel the Close command and return you back where you were before initiating the command. The current song remains unaltered. Finally, pressing the Save button will initiate the same function as the Save menu item before closing the song.

If there are no more songs in the Songs menu, VocalWriter will create a new blank song named “Untitled X” in its place.

The Close command can also be initiated by pressing the Command-/ (slash) key from the keyboard.

Close Window

Close WindowClose Window

If a Notes window is open and it is the front-most active window, you can close it with the Close Window command.

The Close Window command can also be initiated by pressing the Command-W key from the keyboard.

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Export…

Export…Export…

The Export command lets you save the current song as a Type 1 Standard MIDI File. This function mostly automated but VocalWriter may need your input on assigning MIDI channel numbers to tracks. Since VocalWriter is MIDI channel independent, you can easily end up with more tracks in your song than available MIDI channels. MIDI only allows for 16 channels while VocalWriter has 32 independent tracks. So VocalWriter cannot simply make a one-to-one track to channel assignment.

When you chose the Export command, you’ll first get the Set MIDI Channels dialog. You can specify the MIDI channel number assignment for each of the 32 VocalWriter music tracks. Shown below is the default MIDI channel assignment for the demo song “LiveShow.trk”.

The procedure is to select the target track button and then move the Channel Number slider on the bottom to the desired MIDI channel for that track. Notice there are track select buttons for only some of the tracks and not for all 32 tracks. VocalWriter puts track select buttons only on those tracks that have MIDI channel data in them. Unless your song is using all 32 tracks, there’s no reason to assign channels to tracks that are unused. The above example song is only using the first 13 tracks.

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Notice that VocalWriter automatically assigned the song’s four Drum tracks to MIDI channel 10. In General MIDI, channel 10 is the only channel that plays the drum banks. If you’re not exporting to General MIDI, you can change the drum channel assignment to something else if you want.

Since there’s nothing in the MIDI spec specifying what to do with sung lyrics, VocalWriter exports what it can as standard Meta events. The text for the lyrics are exported as Text Meta events while the phonemes are exported as Lyric Meta events. Unfortunately this is not detailed nor robust enough to import back as sung Vocal events, so once you export your lyrics you cannot import them back. After accepting your track assignment by pressing the Export button, a file directory dialog is presented for saving the file. The file name will default with the “.mid” extension on the end.

Play-to-Disk…

Play-to-Disk…Play-to-Disk…

The Play-to-Disk command exports the music in your song as an audio file. Instead of playing the song through your computer’s audio output port, the music is rendered in memory and saved as an AIFF file instead. Be aware these audio files can be very large in size. At 44.1kHz, 16-bit stereo, the file size will be 176K bytes for each second of music, or 10MB for every minute.

Fig 4.6

Specify the starting and ending measure numbers for Play-to-Disk.

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Because of the large file sizes, VocalWriter gives you the option to save only a part of you music as audio. Before issuing the Play-to-Disk command, set up you tracks exactly how you want to play them. This includes setting the mute or solo buttons for your tracks. Then select the Play-to-Disk item from the File menu.

At the dialog, specify the range you want to play by typing the start and end measure number. If you had a selection in either the Tracks or Notes window, VocalWriter will automatically use this selection range as the default play range for this dialog.

After pressing the Play button, a file directory dialog is shown for you to specify the new AIFF file location and name. An “.aiff” extension is automatically ap- pended to the end as the default file name. Pressing the Save button will start the audio rendering. A progress bar is shown while audio is saved.

Quit

QuitQuit

Choosing the Quit command will close all songs and exit VocalWriter. If there are still changes in a song that have not been saved, you will get a dialog giving the option to save your work (see Close command).

The Quit command can also be initiated by pressing the Command-Q key from the keyboard.

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Preferences…

Preferences…Preferences…

The VocalWriter Preferences is where you set global settings that control features throughout the entire application. These settings are stored on your hard drive so they are persisted the next time you run VocalWriter.

The VocalWriter Menu

Fig 4.8

The Edit menu.

Fig 4.7

The Preferences dialog.

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Latency Slider

This slider controls the audio output buffer size. The slider values are shown in milliseconds. Smaller values will enable faster real-time response but with the risk of your computer not being able to keep up. On the other hand, larger buffers can guarantee sufficient CPU overhead but the cost is longer delays in real-time performance. So depending on your computer hardware and required voice polyphony, you may need to adjust this slider for the optimal delay setting.

If the buffer is too small, you’ll hear distortion in the audio output because of random silence gaps in the audio. So the goal is to find the lowest acceptable setting that won’t result in distortion. Typical values are in the range of 20 to 30 milliseconds.

Reverb Button

You can enable or disable the reverb processing with the Reverb button. If your Mac audio output is going to some external reverb or effects processor, you should turn VocalWriter’s reverb off. Turning the reverb off will free up a lot of computer bandwidth for more VocalWriter polyphony.

MIDI In / Out Button

If you plan on connecting VocalWriter to external MIDI devices, you’ll have to first enable it with this button. If you’re not using MIDI, turn it off to free up computer bandwidth.

Cancel

Pressing the Cancel button will exit the dialog leaving your original Preference parameters as they were before.

Done

Pressing the Done button will save your Preferences on your disk, to be used the next time you run VocalWriter.

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Undo

UndoUndo

The Undo command will in most but not all cases, undo your last changes made while editing music. It applies to most editing commands that change music data in a single track. The exceptions for Undo are commands that change music across multiple tracks or affect the entire song.

The menu label for Undo will change to reflect its current state. For example, if your last command was a Cut, the menu item will read “Undo Cut”. If VocalWriter cannot undo your last command, the item will be dimmed.

The Undo command can also be initiated by pressing the Command-Z key from the keyboard.

Cut

CutCut

Choosing the Cut command will delete any selected data and place it into the VocalWriter clipboard. The clipboard data can then be pasted anywhere in your

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