ii) Defined contribution plans
Defined contribution plans are those plans where the Company pays fixed contributions to funds/schemes managed by independent trusts or authority. Contributions are paid in return for services rendered by the employees during the year. The company has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contributions if the fund/scheme does not hold sufficient assets to pay/extend employee benefits. The Company provides Provident Fund facility to all employees, Superannuation benefits to selected employees. The contributions are expensed as they are incurred in line with the treatment of wages and salaries. The Company’s Provident Fund is exempted under section 17 of Employees’ Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1952. Conditions for exemption stipulate that the Company shall make good deficiency, if any, in the interest rate declared by the trust vis-s-vis interest rate declared by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation. The liability as on the balance sheet is ascertained by an independant actuarial valuation.
iii) Defined benefit plans
The Company provides gratuity, compensated absence to its employees and pension to retired whole-time directors. Gratuity liabilities are funded and managed through separate trust (except in case of Port and Yard Equipment Division in which the funds are managed by Life Insurance Corporation of India). The liabilities towards compensated absence and pension to retired whole-time directors are not funded. The present value of these defined benefit obligations are ascertained by an independent actuarial valuation as per the requirements of Accounting Standards (AS) 15 - Employee Benefits. The liability recognised in the balance sheet is the present value of the defined benefit obligations on the balance sheet date less the fair value of the plan assets (for funded plans), together with adjustments for unrecognised past service costs. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested and otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. All actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in full in the year in which they occur.
2.12 Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred. Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred.
2.13 Earnings Per Share
The basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders for the year by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders for the year by the weighted average number of equity shares together with any dilutive equity equivalent shares outstanding during the year, except where the results would be anti-dilutive.
2.14 Foreign currency transactions
i) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the reporting currency i.e. Indian rupees, using the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities in currencies other than the reporting currency (other than derivative contracts and net investment in non-integral foreign operations) and foreign exchange contracts remaining unsettled are remeasured at the rates of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Exchange difference arising on the settlement of monetary items, and on the remeasurement of monetary items, other than long-term foreign currency monetary items are included in the statement of profit and loss.
Notes forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 31st March, 2015ii)
transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of the Company’s net investment in non-integral foreign operations outstanding at the balance sheet date are restated at the year-end rates. The exchange differences on restatement of long-term receivables from non-integral foreign operations that are considered as net investment in such operations are accounted as per policy for long-term foreign currency monetary items stated in para (iv) below until disposal of such net investment, in which case the accumulated balance in“Foreign exchange fluctuation reserve”is recognised as income / expense in the same period in which the gain or loss on disposal is recognised.
iii) Foreign Currency forward contracts, other than those entered into to hedge foreign currency risk on unexecuted firm commitments or highly probable forecast transactions are treated as foreign currency transactions and accounted accordingly as per Accounting Standard (AS) 11 - Effects of changes in foreign exchange rates. The difference between the contract rate and spot rate on the date of transaction is recognised as premium/discount and recognised over the life of the contract. Exchange differences arising on account of remeasurement and gains and losses arising on account of roll over/cancellation of foreign currency forward contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
iv) The Company has opted for accounting the exchange difference arising on reporting of long-term foreign currency monetary items in line with the paragraph 46A of Accounting Standard (AS) 11 - Effects of changes in foreign exchange rates. Accordingly exchange difference arising on the settlement and remeasurement of long-term foreign currency monetary items relating to the acquisition of depreciable capital asset are accounted by addition or deduction to the cost of the depreciable assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. Exchange differences arising on settlement and remeasurement of other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in“Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account”and amortised over the maturity period/upto the date of settlement of such monetary items, whichever is earlier, and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss except in case of exchange differences arising on net investment in non-integral foreign operations, where such amortisation is taken to“Foreign exchange fluctuation reserve”until disposal of the net investment.
2.15 Segment reporting
The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information are available and for which operating results are evaluated regularly by the executive management in assessing performance and to take decision on allocation of resources. The accounting policies adopted for the segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of the their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue, expenses assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under“unallocable revenue/expenses/asset/liabilities”.
2.16 Taxes on Income i) Current tax
Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
ii) Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.. Deferred tax assets against unabsorbed depreciation and carried forward loss under tax laws, are recognised only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will Net investment in non-integral foreign operations is accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the
Notes forming part of the financial statements
for the year ended 31st March, 2015be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Deferred tax assets on other timing differences are recognised only to the extent that there is a virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
iii) Minimum alternate tax
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is recognised as an asset in the balance sheet when there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period and it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
iv) Current and Deferred tax is measured based on the provisions of tax laws and tax rates enacted or substantively enacted as at the Balance Sheet date.
2.17 Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent assets i) Provision
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
ii) Provision for warranty
The estimated liability for product warranties is recorded when products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claims and management estimates regarding possible future incidence based on corrective actions on product failures.
iii) Contingent liabilities and assets
Contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events and the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company, or is a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognised because either it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made. Contingent liabilities are disclosed and not recognised. Contingent assets are neither recognised not disclosed.
2.18 Research and development expenses
Research and development costs (other than cost of fixed assets acquired) are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the year in which they are incurred. Fixed assets utilised for research and development are capitalised and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for fixed assets.
2.19 Derivative contracts
The Company enters into derivative contracts in the nature of foreign currency and interest rate swaps, option contracts to hedge its existing assets and liabilities and foreign currency forward contracts to hedge firm commitments and highly probable transactions. Derivative contracts which are closely linked to the existing assets and liabilities are accounted as per the policy stated for Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations. All other derivative contracts are marked-to- market and losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Gains arising on the same are not recognised, until realised, on grounds of prudence.