Reflexiones finales y recomendaciones

15 1 felt 1 was close to panic 0 1 2 3[A]

16 1 was unable to become enthusiastic about anything 0 1 2 3[D]

17 1 felt 1 wasn't worth much as a person 0 1 2 3[D]

18 1 felt that 1 was rather touchy 0 1 2 3[S]

19 1 was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physical 0 1 2 3[A]

exertion (eg, sense of heart rate increase, heart missing a beat)

20 1 felt scared without any good reason 0 1 2 3[A]

MACCS

This questionnaire is concerned with beliefs that you have about your own memory, planning, concentration and decision-making abilities, and your confidence in these abilities. Read each statement below, and click the response that most accurately describes how strongly you agree or disagree with each statement. Please respond to all items even though some may seem repetitive. There are no right or wrong answers.

Strongly disagree

Strongly agree

1. I have a poor memory.

2. I expect m y self to be 100% certain about , the w ay I plan things.

3. I experience many doubts after making a decision.

4. I often doubt m y mem ory for having

com pleted tasks.

5. I have little confidence in my memory

generally.

6. I never do w ell at mem ory tests. 7. I am easily distracted.

8. I find it difficult to making decisions on the spot.

9. M y poor concentration interferes with my ability to plan things effectively.

10. I have doubts about m y memory. 11. I don’t feel that I make good decisions. 12. I have difficulty keeping m y m ind focused

on one task until it is completed. 13. M y m emory can mislead me at times. 14. I have little confidence in m y mem ory for

actions.

15. I am never certain about my memory. Î6. I have little confidence in m y mem ory for

words and names.

17. I have little confidence in my ability to remember how I performed on particular tasks.

18. 1 have doubts about my decision-m aking ability.

19. 1 expect m y self to be 100% certain about my decisions.

20. I often doubt m y mem ory for having done things properly.

21. 1 have difficulty knowing if I have actually done something, or imagined it.

22. I have a poor concentration ability. 23. I often feel that my memory m isleads me. 24. I have little confidence in m y decision-

making.

25. I have little confidence in my ability to remember what I did in particular situations. 26. I tiy so hard to remember things, that I end

up forgetting everything.

27. I put a lot o f pressure on m y self to do well

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RAS

This questionnaire lists different attitudes or beliefs which people sometimes hold. Read each statement carefully and decide how much you agree or disagree with it. For each of the attitudes, show your answer by choosing the words which BEST DESCRIBE HOW YOU THINK. Be sure to choose only one answer for each attitude. Because people are different, there is no right answer or wrong answer to these statements.

To decide whether a given attitude is typical of your way of looking at things, simply keep in mind what you are like MOST OF THE TIME.

[SCALE: 1= Totally Agree, 2= Agree very much, 3= agree slightly, 4= neutral, 5=disagree slightly, 6= disagree very much, 7=totally disagree]

1. I often feel responsible for things which go wrong.

2. If I don’t act when I can foresee danger, then I am to blame for any consequences if it happens.

3. I am too sensitive to feeling responsible for things going wrong. 4. If I think bad things, this is as bad as doing bad things.

5. I worry a great deal about the effects of things which I do or don’t do. 6. To me, not acting to prevent danger is as bad as making disaster happen.

7. If I know that harm is possible, I should always try to prevent it, however unlikely it

seems.

8. I must always think through the consequences of even the smallest actions. 9. I often take responsibility for things which other people don’t think are my fault. 10. Everything I do can cause serious problems.

11. I am often close to causing harm. 12. I must protect others from harm.

13. I should never cause even the slightest harm to others. 14. I will be condemned for my actions.

15. If I can have even a slight influence on things going wrong, then I must act to prevent it.

16. To me, not acting where disaster is a slight possibility is as bad as making that disaster happen.

17. For me, even slight carelessness is inexcusable when it might affect other people. 18. In all kinds of daily situations, my inactivity can cause as much harm as deliberate

bad intentions.

19. Even if harm is a very unlikely possibility, I should always try to prevent it at any cost.

20. Once I think it is possible that I have caused harm, I can’t forgive myself. 21. Many of my past actions have been intended to prevent harm to others.#

22. I have to make sure other people are protected from all of the consequences of things I do.

23. Other people should not rely on my judgement.

24. If I cannot be certain I am blameless, I feel that I am to blame. 25. If I take sufficient care then I can prevent harmful accidents. 26. I often think that bad things will happen if I am not careful enough.

Appendix E: Exit Questionnaire

Pt #:. Cdt:

Questionnaire

Please mark the line with an ‘X ’ for the following questions:

1. How difficult did you find remembering the words?

Not difficult at all Very Difficult

1_________ 2________ _ 3 _______ 4__________ 5

2. How difficult did you find remembering the pictures?

Not difficult at all Very Difficult

1_________2__________ 3_______ 4__________ 5 3. How responsible did you feel for giving the correct answers?

Not responsible at all Very Responsible

1_________ 2__________ 3_______ 4 _ ________ 5

4. What was the purpose of this study?

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Appendix F: Stimuli

i. Verbal Stimuli

Verbal stimuli were taken from Richards et al. (in press) and Bradley and

Lang (1999). Words in the Richards et al. (in press) study were rated by individuals

who had a diagnosis of OCD and 11 non-clinical participants. All words were rated

for valence, relevance to OCD checking and washing, frequency, concreteness and

imagability. From an initial list of 334 words 26 washing, 28 checking, 52 negative

neutral and 52 neutral words were identified. All OCD washing and checking words

had high negatively valence (scores between 1 and 3) and high relevance to checking

and washing (scores between 7 and 10). Words were only included which had been

scored in this manner by at least two clinical individuals.

As the current study required 40 OCD checking relevant words (referred to

ideographic verbal stimuli in the text) a selection of neutral and negatively valenced

words, taken from the Bradley and Lang (1999) database of English words, were

then rated by 5 OCD experts using the same rating criteria as Richards et a l (in

press). The same selection criteria (negative valence score of between 1 and 3;

checking relevance score between 7 to 10) were also used to identify a further 12

OCD checking relevant words. Together this provided a pool of 40 ideographic

verbal stimuli for use in the current study.

Example of neutral and ideographic word presentation