MIGRACIÓN INTERNACIONAL A. Migración internacional y desarrollo
D. Refugiados, solicitantes de asilo y personas desplazadas Bases para la acción
The full study approach is summarised in table 32. It sets out the specifi c actions that need to be carried out in rural areas
where forestry and farming often represent a major share of the activities there.
12.3
STUDY APPROACH
Step "living environment and human activities"Actions to be carried out for the topic Specifi c actions to be carried out in rural areas
Opportunity studies
• characterise the main urban development centres and the main communication networks
• highlight the challenges
• characterise agricultural occupation: surface area, crop types, identifi cation of boundaries for Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) and organic farm holdings
• characterise forest occupation: surface area, type of forest (species and purpose), owners (community, private, etc.) and protected areas
Studies prior to the public investigation: comparison of options
• evaluate the level of sensitivity of the challenges according to the characteristics of the various project options • compare the options against potential impacts such as:
> elimination of buildings
> breaks in the communications network > destructuring of the urban fabric
> potential for optimising the freed up spaces
• complete and refi ne the information collected during the previous phase
• compare project options based on an assessment of their impacts on forestry and agriculture:
> use of space
> risks of destructuring farms or functional units > whether there is a need for land redevelopment. It is vital to involve the Chambers of Agriculture in this phase. Studies prior to the public investigation: study of the proposed option
• make a fi ne-scale assessment of the project impacts and the measures to be taken,
• make a detailed study of land development proposals.
• make a fi ne-scale assessment of the project impacts and the measures to be taken,
• kick-off land redevelopment procedures (development of farms and forests) where necessary.
Design studies
make a detailed study of the impacts of the construction phase:
• identify possible routes for evacuating building materials and bringing machinery in and out,
• locate areas for storage and car parks,
• identify the temporary roads that need to be set up, • study a new traffi c plan.
• make a detailed study of the reconnection of networks (access and irrigation),
• carry out any necessary changes to land and/or farms.
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This work is being mapped in order to rank the challenges, which is essential when making comparisons of the various development choices. When compared against the technical characteristics of the various options, this data should make it possible to classify project options according to their potential both for limiting and preventing constraints and for generating opportunities for development and requalifi cation.
The initial status is refi ned at the time of the detailed assessment of the impacts of the proposed option, which requires a sound knowledge of the operation of the neighbourhoods that will be affected by the works concerning, in particular:
• neighbourhood paths and habits,
• the origin of the clientele of shopping areas,
• areas that need to be defi ned in particular during the construction phase (schools, public buildings, etc.). In rural areas, there will be a need for more detailed information on land holdings:
• farm structure (size and possible division of plots), • access roads,
• development outlook,
• trend of local rural development (activities in decline, new activities, etc.)
• management mode for wooded areas, etc.
Impacts on economic activities can be reduced by ensuring appropriate phasing of the works.
The issue of urban redevelopment during the operating phase has already been raised at several points in this document. In rural areas, agricultural land development initiatives harbour similar objectives and provide for setting up mitigation measures. Additional compensation may also be paid out. With regard to the forestry sector, standard limitation and compensation measures may be planned:
As with the studies on other topics, integrating the living environment and human activities into a project mainly involves the preparation of an initial status that is as comprehensive as possible.
The initial status has to highlight the key challenges. This is achieved chiefl y by studying urban planning documents and should provide the following information on the study area:
• the principles and various development objectives, • the land's intended general purpose: current and planned
urban areas, current and future sites for Mixed Urban Development Zones (ZAC), natural and agricultural zones, purpose of currently undeveloped land, etc.
• roads, according to their type, use and traffi c, • public easements.
In rural areas, the highlighting of challenges has to be supplemented by further information on:
• crops types: grains, orchards, vineyards, etc. • the boundaries of protected AOC areas, • organic farming areas,
•location of the main drains and collective networks for farming,
•type, classifi cation and types of clientship of wooded areas for forestry.
This means having to establish contacts with the organisations involved in these areas (DRAF, DOAF and Chambers of Agriculture).
There are several measures designed to limit the impacts on the living environment during the construction phase:
• restrictions on the progress of the works such as specifi ed timetables for any work likely to inconvenience local residents,
• search for worksite routes that would cause the least disruption to local residents, or even the creation of specifi c roads,
• setting up of temporary services for local residents, • rapid reconstruction of land and grounds at the end of the
construction project, in addition to communication lines and networks.
12.4
ASSESSMENT METHODS AND MEANS
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• reparcelling of forest areas, • acquisition of land outside forests, • reforestation,
• inter-communal exchange of forest plots, possibly supplemented by compensation payments,
• re-establishment of service roads.
ASSESSMENT METHODS AND MEANS
IMPACT LIMITATION MEASURES
The legislation on these topics is codifi ed in:
• the French Urban Planning Code and the following articles in particular:
> L 123-16 and R 123-23 compatibility of local urban development plans),
> L122-15 and R122-11 (compatibility of SCOT (Territorial Cohesion Plan)),
• le French Rural Code and the following articles in particular > L.112-2 and L.112-3,
> L.123-24 to L.123-26, > L.352-1 and R.123-30,
> L511-3 and R511-66 relating to the consultation of the Chamber of Agriculture,
> L642-11 relating to the consultation of the Institut national source and of the quality (French Institute for Origins and Quality).
[62] Les études d'environnement dans les projets routiers - Projets routiers interurbains (Guide méthodologique, 308 p.) / SETRA / 1997.
[63] Les études d'environnement dans les projets routiers - Projets routiers urbains (Guide méthodologique, 191 p.) / CERTU / 1998.
This legislation indicates how to take account of impacts on farming relating to execution of the project (severance of agricultural plots and accesses, reduction in farmland area, changes to farm organisation, etc.).
It also indicates the measures to be planned, particularly in terms of the land use policy for the commune or the part of the communal territory affected by the works. The land use policy has to be decided by the CAF (Land Development Committee). Lastly, the regulations governing forests and forestry are classifi ed in the French Forestry Code - in particular, articles R221-37 and R221-38 relating to the consultation of the French Regional Centre for Privately Owned Forests.