Pathogenic bacteria are increasingly evading the standard treatment for antibacterial infections as resistance to multiple antibiotics is spreading worldwide. Resistant pathogens lead to higher expenditure on treatments due to extended stay in hospitals and expensive medicines. There is an urgent need for a sustainable supply of new, potential and safer antibacterial drugs having no cross-resistance to currently used antibiotics.
Nature so far has been proved the treasure of potential remedies for diseases. It is more relevant for treatment of infectious diseases. Most of the antibacterials in use today could be discovered on the basis of information obtained from the study of natural products from microbes, marines and plants. Medicinal chemists do systematic studies and provide the tools for optimization of natural products to obtain drug molecules with improved pharmacokinetic, physicochemical and toxicological properties. The diligent selection of natural antibiotics lead structures for medicinal chemistry programs and guideposts for valid targets can reveal pathways for future therapies. Advance studies have been conducted on many classes in order to identify the drug target and mechanism of action.
There is still a plenty of scope even within the known antibiotics. Many old classes have not been thoroughly investigated and only partial SAR information is available on their backbone structures. Macrolides are an excellent example that many old classes have not been completely explored.
Undoubtedly, more could be done to fully exploit the weapons against bacteria.
β-Lactams continue to be one of the most important classes in antibacterial research and development. Their efficacy and compatibility has allowed their broad therapeutic application. Further investigations on second generation lincosamides might be useful for successful treatment of infections by enterococci. Biphenomycins appear promising for the future studies. Further work is anticipated on lysobactins for a real assessment of this class.
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Opportunity, Challenge and Scope of Natural Products in Medicinal Chemistry, 2011: 103-120 ISBN: 978-81-308-0448-4