2.2 El requerimiento de Palacios Rubios

The results will be presented in three main sections. The first section will report the data from the questionnaires and will present a profile of the characteristics of the residents in order to set the qualitative data in some context. Analyses from the semi-structured interviews are presented in the following two sections: keyworkers’ perceptions of the keyworking relationship and residents’ perceptions of the keyworking relationship.

Contextual Information

Brief Svmptom Inventorv (Residents)

The Global Severity Index (GSI), Positive Symptom Total (PST) and Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI) from the Brief Symptom Inventory are shown in Table 4. The norms for non-patient adolescents are also shown.

T a b le 4. M eans, standard deviations and ranges for Brief Sym ptom Inventory S cales of residents and non-patient adolescent norms.

R esidents N on-patient adolescent norms

S cale M ean S .D . M ean S .D .

________________ (N=12)_________________________________________

GSI® 1.26 .51 .83 .59

P S T * 28.2 10.4 24.8 12.5

PSDI"" 2.34 .71 1.7 .56

® The GSI Is calculated by dividing the sum of all Items endorsed by the total number of responses; possible scores range from 0-4.

*T h e PS T Is the number of Items endorsed with a non-zero response; possible scores range from 0-53.

Keyworking Relationships Results

The GSI, PST and PSDI for the residents were all higher than the non­ patient norms for adolescents. The scores indicate that the residents were experiencing relatively high a) overall levels of distress (GSI), b) number of symptoms for any given level of distress (PST), and c) average levels of distress (PSDI).

A number of individual items which might impact upon the keyworking relationship were noted. Eleven out of the twelve residents (92%) endorsed item 51 “feeling that other people will take advantage of you if you let them.” Furthermore, of these, eight reported feeling this moderately or extremely. (Item 51 was endorsed by 47% of non-patient adolescents in the normative sample.) Item 44, “never feeling close to another person” was endorsed by 75% of the residents (norm = 28%). Three quarters of the residents endorsed “feeling lonely even when with other people” (norm = 39.5%) and 58% reported feeling hopeless about the future (norm = 31.8%).

Woking Alliance Inventorv (WAD data for kevworkers and residents.

Mean scores and standard deviations for the four WAI scores of keyworkers and residents are shown in Table 5. Working alliance scores for both keyworkers and residents indicate that both perceive they have a relatively good overall working alliance. Each of the three sub-scales of bonds, goals and tasks also indicate generally positive perceptions from both residents and keyworkers.

Keyworking Relationships Results

T a b le 5. M eans, standard deviations and range of W orking A lliance Inventory Scales for keyworkers and residents.

Scale Keyworkers N = 1 0 ) Residents (N = 12) Mean S.D. Mean S.D. W A I bonds 19.8 4.2 18.4 7.0 W A I goals 19.3 3.8 19.1 6.2 W A I tasks 18.4 3.4 19.1 6.4 W A I t o t a l 57.5 10.6 56.6 18.7

Note. Possible scores for the W A I bonds, goals and tasks sub-scales range from 4 to 28, and for the W A I t o t a l from 12 to 84.

Characteristics of the Residents

As this is primarily a qualitative study which is considering the experience of individuals, a detailed profile of resident characteristics is presented in order to set the qualitative data in context. Table 6 shows the demographic details of each resident, global severity index from the brief symptom inventory and resident working alliance inventory total. Some residents and keyworkers were matched pairs: where this is the case, keyworker working alliance inventory scores are also shown.

While it would be desirable to have a similar Table for keyworker data, it was felt that to do so would compromise confidentiality given that the keyworker sample was made up of most of the staff from a small target population.

Table 6. D e m o g ra p h ic d eta ils , G S I a n d W A I sco res o f resid en ts (an d corresp on d in g W A I s co res o f th e ir k e y w o rke rs , w h e re a v a ila b le )

Participant Age (years)

Gender Ethnicity Length of

time in hostel (weeks)

Been in care? Previously experienced keyworking? Global Severity Index WAI (Resident Total) WAI (Keyworker Total)"

R1 16 Female White UK 6 No No 1.36 63 N/A

R2 18 Male Black African 12 No Yes .28 64 63

R3 17 Female Black Caribbean 24 No Yes 1.81 74 56

R4 17 Female White UK 8 Yes Yes 1.72 38 N/A

R5 17 Male Black UK 6 No Yes 1.75 70 63

R6 20 Female White UK 4 Yes Yes 1.75 65 61

R7 19 Female Black UK 18 Yes Yes 1.51 13 42

R8 23 Male Black European 32 No Yes .45 84 N/A

R9 19 Male White UK 12 Yes Yes .94 56 52

R10 17 Female White UK 7 Yes Yes 1.00 58 N/A

R11 18 Male White European 8 Yes Yes 1.28 42 N/A

R12 16 Female White UK 6 No No 1.21 52 N/A

Not all residents and keyworkers were matched pairs: Keyworker WAI totals are given for matched pairs cn

Keyworking Relationships Results

Keyworkers’ perceptions of the keyworking relationship

The clusters of themes which emerged from the analysis were examined to see how they related to the four domains covered in the interviews which were: structural aspects of the relationship, the keyworker role, aims of keyworking, and features of the relationship. Although there were areas of overlap between them, the clusters appeared to map well onto the domains. Therefore they were reorganised into these domains in order to provide an overall conceptual framework for reporting the results (see Figure 1 for a summary of the domains, clusters and themes from the accounts of the keyworkers).

This section presents the themes which emerged in keyworkers' accounts of how the viewed the keyworking relationship. Quotations from participants are indicated by K (keyworker) plus a number (the identification number of the participant). The first domain, “structural aspects of the relationship,” provides some contextual data within which the other themes can be understood. In the interview schedule keyworkers were asked about the length and frequency of their contact with residents. These questions were intended only to provide background information. However, a number of the keyworkers went into some detail about the structure of keyworking as they felt it had a significant impact upon the keyworking relationship.

Keyworking Relationships Results

STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF THE