Requisitos no funcionales del sistema

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Lis-Balchin, M. (1997) Essential oils and aromatherapy: their modern role in healing. J. R. Soc.

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Lis-Balchin, M. and Deans, S.G. (1996) Antimicrobial effects of hydrophilic extracts of Pelargonium species (Geraniaceae). Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 23, 205–207.

Lis-Balchin, M. and Deans, S.G. (1997) Bioactivity of selected plant essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes. J. Appl. Microbiol., 82, 759–762.

Lis-Balchin, M. and Deans, S.G. (1998) Studies on the potential usage of mixtures of plant essential oils as synergistic antibacterial agents in foods. Phytother. Res., 12, 472–475.

Lis-Balchin, M., Hart, S., Deans, S.G. and Eaglesham, E. (1995) Potential agrochemical and medi-cinal usage of essential oils of Pelargonium species. J. Herbs, Spices and Medimedi-cinal Plants, 3, 11–22.

Lis-Balchin, M., Hart, S., Deans, S.G. and Eaglesham, E. (1996a) Comparison of the pharmaco-logical and antimicrobial action of commercial plant essential oils. J. Herbs, Spices Med. Plants, 4, 69–86.

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Lis-Balchin, M., Deans, S.G. and Hart, S. (1996c) Bioactivity of Geranium oils from different commercial sources. J. Essent. Oil Res., 8, 281–290.

Lis-Balchin, M., Deans, S.G. and Eaglesham, E. (1998a) Relationship between bioactivity and chemical composition of commercial essential oils. Flav. Frag. J., 13, 98–104.

Lis-Balchin, M., Ribisch, K., Wenger, M.-T. and Buchbauer, G. (1998b) Comparative antibac-terial effects of novel Pelargonium essential oils and solvent extracts. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 27, 135–141.

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Antimicrobial properties of pelargoniums 145

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146 Stanley Deans

INTRODUCTION

Commercial ‘Geranium oil’ is obtained from various Pelargonium cultivars (derived mainly from P. graveolens, P. capitatum and P. radens) growing mainly in Reunion, China and Egypt. The chemical composition of the oils is variable due to the difference in cultivars used, the climate (including sunlight, rainfall and temperature), the time of the harvest, fertilizers applied etc). Geranium oil is used mainly in perfumery, but also has potent antimicrobial potential (Lis-Balchin et al., 1996). It also has relaxant pharmacological properties on smooth muscle e.g. guinea-pig ileum and the rat uterus (Lis-Balchin and Hart, 1997a) as well as striated muscle (Lis-Balchin and Hart, 1997b).

The mode of action of commercial Geranium oil appears to act through cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) as the secondary messenger (Lis-Balchin and Hart, 1999).

Other scented Pelargonium species, hybrids and cultivars yield essential oils of many different chemical compositions, many of which also have antimicrobial potential (Lis-Balchin, 1991a; Lis-Balchin et al., 1998) and some, with floral scents also act in a similar pharmacological way to that of commercial Geranium oil (Lis-Balchin and Hart,1997b, 1999). Others, with camphoric, mentholic or more medicinal scents did not show this mechanism of action (Lis-Balchin, 1991b; Lis-Balchin and Hart, 1999).