RESPONSABILIDAD MÉDICA Y DERECHO A LA SALUD

The term "Digital Library" has a variety of potential meanings, ranging from a digitized collection of material that one might find in a traditional library through to the collection of all digital information. However, it is not merely equivalent to a digitized collection with information management tools. It is also a series of activities that brings together collections, services, and people in support of the full life cycle of creation, dissemination, use, and preservation of data, information, and knowledge.

The creation and maintenance of digital libraries is imperative with growing amount of information available in the digital format. Building digital libraries needs a fair amount of knowledge of information management tools such as databases, web technology, information retrieval, user interface, etc. The usability of hosted resources is as important as the quality of information presented.

The Digital Library toolkits discussed below are fairly integrated set of solutions to build digital libraries with born digital resources. However, converting existing hard copy documents into digital format would require few more tools like scanner, optical character recognition (OCR) software, word processing software, image editing tools, etc.

1.1 Greenstone

Description: Greenstone is a suite of software for building and distributing digital library collections. It provides a new way of organizing information and publishing it on the Internet or on CD-ROM.

Special Features: Some of the important features are: • Support for image, video, and text collection • Support for multilingual collection building • Z39.50 client available on Linux systems

• Highly portable collection, can easily be distributed even on a CD-ROM

History: Greenstone is produced by the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Waikato, and developed and distributed in cooperation with UNESCO and the Human Info NGO.

Project Sponsors/Administrators: University of Waikato, New Zealand Dependency: Apache, Perl, GDBM

Supported Platforms: UNIX, Windows, Linux, MacOS X License: GNU GPL

Availability: http://www.greenstone.org/english/download.html

Further Information: Project Home Page: http://www.greenstone.org/

1.2 DSpace

Description: DSpace is a specialized type of digital asset management or content management system: it manages and distributes digital items, made up of digital files and allows for the creation, indexing, and searching of associated metadata to locate and retrieve the items. It is designed to support the long-term preservation of the digital material stored in the repository.

Special Features: The important features of DSpace are:

• Institutional Repository: DSpace is organized to accommodate the multidisciplinary and organizational needs of a large institution.

• Document Formats: Support for a Variety of Digital Formats and Content Types including text, images, audio, and video

• Access Control: DSpace allows contributors to limit access to items in DSpace - at the collection and the individual item level.

• Digital Preservation: DSpace provides long-term physical storage and management of digital items in a secure, professionally managed repository

including standard operating procedures such as backup, mirroring, refreshing media, and disaster recovery.

• Search and Retrieval: The DSpace submission process allows for the description of each item using a qualified version of the Dublin Core metadata schema.

(Go to http://dspace.org/technology/features.html for more detailed description on features.)

History: DSpace was developed out of collaboration between MIT Libraries and Hewlett-Packard Company.

Project Sponsors/Administrators: MIT Libraries & Hewlett-Packard Company Dependency: Apache, Tomcat, PostgreSQL, Java

Supported Platforms: Claimed to be Platform Independent, but installation manual suggests only UNIX-like platform.

License: BSD License

Availability: http://dspace.org/technology/download.html, http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=19984 Further Information: Project Home Page: http://www.dspace.org/

1.3 iVia

Description: iVia is an open source Internet subject portal or virtual library system. As a hybrid expert and machine built collection creation and management system, it supports a primary, expert-created, first-tier collection that is augmented by a large, second-tier collection of significant Internet resources that are automatically gathered and described.

Special Features: Some of the major features of the iVia system include:

• A core system that is fast, robust, reliable and scalable to millions of records and users.

• An array of Web crawlers capable of fully- to semi-automating the identification of significant Internet resources.

• Classifiers that enable semi-automated metadata content creation providing expert/machine interaction throughout the record building process.

• Search/browse interface options that provide users with great flexibility in finding resources and which support all levels of user search skills.

• Support for single or multiple subject virtual library projects which can share data and efforts on any of several levels of cooperation.

• Support for the following standards: OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH), Dublin Core, MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging), Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), and Library of Congress Classifications (LCC).

History: The iVia system is an INFOMINE creation generously funded by the National Leadership Grant Program of the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services, the Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education of the U.S. Department of Education and the Library of the University of California, Riverside. Project Sponsors/Administrators: INFOMINE, The Regents of the University of California

Dependency: Apache, MySQL, Berkeley DB Supported Platforms: Linux

License: Affero General Public License (http://www.affero.org/oagpl.html) Availability: http://infomine.ucr.edu/iVia/ivia.php?section=2

Further Information:

1. Project Home Page: http://infomine.ucr.edu/iVia/ 2. iVia Open Source Virtual Library System:

1.4 Dienst

Description: The distributed Dienst software is configured to handle textual resources (documents) in a variety of formats. However, the Dienst architecture includes a sophisticated document model that accommodates a wide variety of digital resources. Using the Dienst software for these other resources will require some programming.

Special Features: Unknown

History: Dienst is a project of the CDLRG - Cornell Digital Library Research Group. Work on Dienst sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on behalf of the Digital Libraries Initiative. Additional work on Dienst is sponsored by the National Science Foundation Digital Libraries Initiative Phase 2 Project Prism.

Project Sponsors/Administrators: Cornell University, USA

Dependency: Apache, Perl, mod_perl, ImageMagic, PerlMagic, freeways-sf Supported Platforms: UNIX, Linux, MacOS X, Windows (not tested) License: Unknown

Availability: Currently not available Further Information:

Project Home Page:

http://www.cs.cornell.edu/cdlrg/dienst/software/DienstSoftware.htm

1.5 Fedora

Description: Flexible Extensible Digital Object and Repository Architecture (Fedora) is a toolkit to build a digital object repository management system. The system, designed to be a foundation upon which interoperable web-based digital libraries, institutional repositories and other information management systems can

be built, demonstrates how distributed digital library architecture can be deployed using web-based technologies, including XML and Web services.

The interface to the system consists of three open APIs that are exposed as web services:

• Management API (API-M) – defines an interface for administering the repository. It includes operations necessary for clients to create and maintain digital objects and their components. API-M is implemented as a SOAP-enabled web service.

• Access API (API-A) – defines an interface for accessing digital objects stored in the repository. It includes operations necessary for clients to perform disseminations on objects in the repository and to discover information about an object using object reflection. API-A is implemented as a SOAP-enabled web service.

• Access-Lite API (API-A-Lite) – defines a streamlined version of the Fedora Access Service that is implemented as an HTTP-enabled web service.

Special Features: The major features are:

• Web Services: The interface to the Fedora repository system consists of three open APIs that are exposed as web services: Management API known as API-M, Access API known as API-A, and Access-Lite API known as API-A-Lite.

• Datastreams: Objects in a repository may consist of content and metadata (datastreams) that physically reside inside the repository or outside the repository. The Fedora repository system supports content of any MIME type.

• XML Submission and Storage: Digital objects are stored as XML- encoded files that conform to an extension of the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) schema. The schema for the extended

version of METS used by Fedora can be found at http://www.fedora.info/definitions/1/0/mets-fedora-ext.xsd.

• OAI Metadata Harvesting Provider: The Fedora metadata is accessible using the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting, v2.0.

• Parameterized Behaviors: Behaviors defined for an object support user- supplied options that are handled at dissemination time.

• Versioning: Although not fully implemented in release 1.1, the Fedora repository system includes the infrastructure to support versioning of digital objects and their components.

• Access Control and Authentication: Release 1.1 includes a simple form of access control to provide access restrictions based on IP address. IP range restriction is supported in both the Management and Access APIs.

(Go to http://www.fedora.info/ for complete feature set)

History: Jointly developed by the University of Virginia and Cornell University the Fedora project was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Project Sponsors/Administrators: University of Virginia and Cornell University. Technical Coordinator: Ronda A. Grizzle (Virginia)

Dependency: Java SDK, MySQL/Oracle (optional), JDBC Supported Platforms: Platform Independent (with Java) License: Mozilla Public License

Availability: http://www.fedora.info/release/

Further Information: Project Home Page: http://www.fedora.info/

1.6 DjVuLibre

Description: DjVu (pronounced "deja vu") is a compression technique, a file format, and a delivery platform that is specifically designed to enable the creation of digital libraries of printed material, either scanned from paper or digitally

produced. For scanned document, DjVu file sizes are typically 3 to 10 times smaller than TIFF or PDF in black and white, and 5 to 10 times smaller than JPEG in color.

DjVu documents are displayed within web browsers through a very lightweight plug-in (available for all major platforms). Server-side full-text search can easily be provided using free indexing tools and a few Perl scripts.

Special Features: Unknown

History: The DjVu project was started by Yann LeCun at AT&T Labs-Research in 1996. Much of the research and innovations behind DjVu were the work of Leon Bottou, Yann LeCun, Patrick Haffner, Paul Howard, and Yoshua Bengio, with some contributions from Pascal Vincent, Patrice Simard, and Steven Pigeon.

DjVuLibre is a GPL implementation of DjVu maintained by the original inventors of DjVu. Go to http://djvu.sourceforge.net/credits.html to know the historical details of the project.

Project Sponsors/Administrators: Yann LeCun, Léon Bottou Dependency: Unknown

Supported Platforms: Linux License: GNU GPL (version 2)

Availability: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=32953 Further Information: Project Home Page: http://djvu.sourceforge.net/