Sateter r
MMeean an
""!a!a&e&eteterr
(SMD)
(SMD)
S*# i! one of the parameter! to eval"ate f"el atomi!ation "alit and
S*# i! one of the parameter! to eval"ate f"el atomi!ation "alit and
repre!ent! the ratio of total droplet vol"me to !"rface area. Smaller S*#
repre!ent! the ratio of total droplet vol"me to !"rface area. Smaller S*#
ind
indicaicate! te!
momore re
!ma!mall ll
f"f"el el
drdroploplet! et!
and the larand the lar7e7er r
concontactact t
arearea a
BitBithh
!"rro"ndin7 7a!. #"e to the hi7h vi!co!it and !"rface ten!ion, S*# of
!"rro"ndin7 7a!. #"e to the hi7h vi!co!it and !"rface ten!ion, S*# of
biodie!el
biodie!el i! i! hi7her hi7her than than fo!!il fo!!il die!el. die!el. cond"cted cond"cted the the comparative comparative analanal
‐‐
!i!!i!
on 5 biodie!el! and a lar7er S*#, betBeen 5F<31F, can be ob!erved and
on 5 biodie!el! and a lar7er S*#, betBeen 5F<31F, can be ob!erved and
concl"ded an empirical e"ation to e!timate
concl"ded an empirical e"ation to e!timate S*#-S*#-
SMD ? 1@ 1
SMD ? 1@ 1
Bhere i! f"el dnamic vi!co!it 8Pa.!: and i! f"el !"rface
Bhere i! f"el dnamic vi!co!it 8Pa.!: and i! f"el !"rface
ten!ion 8&>m:.
ten!ion 8&>m:.
compared die!el Bith neat R*$ and %T+ at different injection pre!!"re
compared die!el Bith neat R*$ and %T+ at different injection pre!!"re
alon7 the !pra a?i! in term! of S*#. It can be !een that the injection
alon7 the !pra a?i! in term! of S*#. It can be !een that the injection
pre!!"re
pre!!"re
ha! ha!
a a
!i7nificant !i7nificant
impact impact
on on
droplet droplet
!iEe. !iEe.
The The
S*# S*#
decrea!e!decrea!e!
dramaticall Bhen the injection pre!!"re increa!e! from
E6(a't
E6(a't
%art!/late n&)er /#n/entrat!#n 9t#tal:%art!/late n&)er /#n/entrat!#n 9t#tal:
Particle
Particle
morpholo7, 8capt"red "nder en7ine modemorpholo7, 8capt"red "nder en7ine mode
of 611 rpm, 01of 611 rpm, 01
&m:-
&m:- 8a: 8a:
#ie!el#ie!el
ma7nification of ma7nification of
.1111J
.1111J
8b: #ie!el8b: #ie!el
ma7nificationma7nification
ofof
25111J25111J
8c: R*$ 18c: R*$ 1
ma7nificationma7nification
of
of
.1111J.1111J
8d: R*$8d: R*$
ma7nificationma7nification
ofof
25111J 8e:25111J 8e:
%T+.1%T+.1ma7nificationma7nification
of
En8!ne e&!''!#n #%t!&!'at!#n En8!ne e&!''!#n #%t!&!'at!#n
TBo pop"lar method! have been "!ed to red"ce the en7ine o"t emi!!ion for biodie!el<f"el
TBo pop"lar method! have been "!ed to red"ce the en7ine o"t emi!!ion for biodie!el<f"el
‐‐
led en7ine!- injection !trate7 and $%R. 9or the former, the comb"!tion proce!! can be
led en7ine!- injection !trate7 and $%R. 9or the former, the comb"!tion proce!! can be
con
con
‐‐
trolled b injection timin7 and injection pre!!"re. 9or the time bein7, the common railtrolled b injection timin7 and injection pre!!"re. 9or the time bein7, the common railinjection !!tem ha! been Bidel "!ed and m"ltiple injection! "p to of 5 time! can be real
injection !!tem ha! been Bidel "!ed and m"ltiple injection! "p to of 5 time! can be real
‐‐
i!ed. Thro"7h thi! Ba, the f"el injection rate i! controllable. The &O
i!ed. Thro"7h thi! Ba, the f"el injection rate i! controllable. The &O?? can be red"cedcan be red"ced
thro"7h pre<injection Bith !mall amo"nt f"el thi! prevent! a lon7 period of i7nition dela
thro"7h pre<injection Bith !mall amo"nt f"el thi! prevent! a lon7 period of i7nition dela
and therefore lead! to a loBer peak pre!!"re for the latter, $%R i! alBa! an effective
and therefore lead! to a loBer peak pre!!"re for the latter, $%R i! alBa! an effective
Ba to red"ce &O
Ba to red"ce &O?? emi!!ion. #"e to the ind"ction of e?ha"!t 7a!, the 7lobal in<clinder emi!!ion. #"e to the ind"ction of e?ha"!t 7a!, the 7lobal in<clinder
tempera
tempera
‐‐
t"re i! red"ced, avoidin7 the thermal condition! favo"red b &Ot"re i! red"ced, avoidin7 the thermal condition! favo"red b &O?? formation.formation.+adommato! et al. 6Q al!o revealed that
+adommato! et al. 6Q al!o revealed that the red"ction in comb"!tion temperat"re i! athe red"ction in comb"!tion temperat"re i! a
con!e"ence of the red"ced peak rate of the premi?ed pha!e comb"!tion d"e to the loBer
con!e"ence of the red"ced peak rate of the premi?ed pha!e comb"!tion d"e to the loBer
o?7en
o?7en availabilitavailabilit..
C#n/l'!#n' C#n/l'!#n'
(iodie!el i! the mo!t promi!in7 f"el in the near f"t"re a! an alternative to fo!!il die!el. #e
(iodie!el i! the mo!t promi!in7 f"el in the near f"t"re a! an alternative to fo!!il die!el. #e
‐‐
!p
!pitite e of of itit! ! adadvavantnta7ea7e!, !, it it !t!tilill l haha! ! !o!ome me didi!a!advdvantanta7a7e! e! !"!"ch ch a! a! !o!o"r"rce ce fofor r mama!!!!ivivee
feed!tock, relativel poor loB<temperat"re propertie!, increa!e in &O
feed!tock, relativel poor loB<temperat"re propertie!, increa!e in &O?? emi!!ion!, etc.emi!!ion!, etc.
The!e i!!"e! !ho"ld be !orted o"t before biodie!el i! applied into die!el en7ine! in a lar7e
The!e i!!"e! !ho"ld be !orted o"t before biodie!el i! applied into die!el en7ine! in a lar7e
!cale. There
!cale. There
‐‐
fore, in<deptfore, in<depth h !t"di!t"die! on e! on the applicatithe application of on of biodiebiodie!el into die!el !el into die!el en7ineen7ine! are! arenece!!ar. The re!earch on alternative feed!tock! i! al!o an important area and the !econd<
nece!!ar. The re!earch on alternative feed!tock! i! al!o an important area and the !econd<
7eneration bio
7eneration bio
‐‐
die!el i! more promi!in7 made from al7ae and the 7enetic modification i! adie!el i! more promi!in7 made from al7ae and the 7enetic modification i! apotential
potential Ba Ba to to !olve !olve thi! thi! problem problem of of !o"rce !o"rce of of ma!!ive ma!!ive feed!tock. feed!tock. The The loB<temperat"reloB<temperat"re
f"el propertie! can be improved b additive! or the prod"ction ro"tine. In addition, die!el
f"el propertie! can be improved b additive! or the prod"ction ro"tine. In addition, die!el
en7i
en7ine! ne! !ho!ho"ld "ld al!al!o o be be optoptimiimi!ed !ed in in ordorder er to to achiachieve eve the the optoptimaimal l perperforformanmance ce andand
emi!!ion!.
REFERENCE
REFERENCE
666.ideo.com
666.ideo.com
[email protected]
[email protected]
666.6ikipedia.com
666.6ikipedia.com
666.biodiese$.org
666.biodiese$.org