RESULTADOS FISCALES DE LA VIGENCIA ANTERIOR

Dīgha Nikāya

As for the teachings of the Buddha, many scholars believed that the suttas were the first discourses of the Buddha and that discipline or Vinaya and the deep Abhidhamma also have been included in the sutta collection. According to five nikāyas of the Suttanta Piṭaka, Dīgha Nikāya is the long formula or discourse. The commentary of Dīgha Nikāya is named as 'Sumaṅgalavilāsinī' compiled by Buddhaghosa. In Dīgha Nikāya there are many long suttas, such as Sāmaññaphala Sutta and

Mahāparinibbāna Sutta, which were preached by the Buddha. The Dīgha Nikāya can be divided into

three divisions, namely Sīlakkhandhavagga, Mahāvagga and Pāṭhikavagga.

Of them, first is Sīlakkhandhavagga where 13 suttas out of the 34 are dealing with morality

(sīla) of people and monks. The morality is also divided into three states as cūla sīla, majjhima sīla and mahā sīla. When we carefully examine the teachings on morality in this chapter, it seems to be

connected with concentration (samādhi) and wisdom (paññā). These three qualities are the principle of teaching of the Buddha. Again, in Bramajāla Sutta of the same vagga, the Buddha explained to some

Samaṇas and Brāhmaṇas who adhered to and asserted their wrong views in eighteen different ways. Mahāvagga as the second part consists of the longest discourses. Hence the word mahā is used

in this vagga. Here mahā means great, big and long, and vagga means chapter. After combining the words mahā and vagga, it comes as Mahāvagga, the greatest, biggest and longest chapter. The suttas of the Mahāvagga are Mahāpadāna Sutta, Mahānidāna Sutta and Mahāparinibbāna Sutta etc. and from those suttas, we can learn about the life story of the Buddha, about the last days of the Buddha and about the distribution of His relics. Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta of this vagga deals with the four methods of steadfast mindfulness and practical aspects of Buddhist meditation.

Beginning with Pāṭhika Sutta, the third vagga of Dīgha Nikāya is called Pāṭhikavagga. In

Pāṭhikavagga where are suttas such as Pāṭhika Sutta, Cakkavatti Sutta and Siṅgā Sutta, the Buddha

shows the wrong views practiced by many followers from different sects, describes the thirty-two physiognomic characteristics of the king Cakkavatti, the universal monarch, and addresses the duties of the world between parents and son, teacher and pupil, monk and layman, owner and slave and so on.

MAJJHIMA NIKĀYA (LECTUREDBYVEN. MAHINDARATANA) (ORIGINALBYVEN. SAMNANG PHY) (2009)

The Majjhama Nikāya is mentioned as the second book of the Sutta Piṭaka and also it is one of the major parts of. It is called “The Middle Collection or The Collection of Discourses of Medium Length.” It is so called because the suttas it contains are generally, of Middle Length, compared with the longest suttas of the Dīgha Nikāya. Most of suttas of Majjhima Nikāya refer to the refutation of the views of others.

The Majjhima Nikāya consists of 152 suttas; these are divided into three parts called “Paṇṇasa - sets of fifty” though the last set actually contains 52 suttas within each part. The suttas are further grouped into chapter or divisions “vagga’ of 10 suttas each. The next to the last division “Vibhaṅga

vagga” contains 12 suttas. The name assigns to those divisions considering their title of opening suttas

or some cases, pair of sutta.

Naturally, the greatest number of these discourses in the Majjhima Nikāya addresses to the

piṭaka. The monks since they lived in close proximity to the master. In the Majjhima Nikāya we don’t

meet the Buddha only in his rules as the head of the Order; repeatedly, we see him engaged in living dialogue with people from many different strata (sing. stratum) of ancient India society like; kings, princes, Brāhmaṇs, ascetics, simple inhabitants and erudite philosophers.

It is not the Buddha alone who appears in the Majjhima Nikāya, the role of his teaching and work also introduced as to the accomplish disciples who carried on the transmittance of his teachings. Of 152 suttas in the connection are spoken by the ven. Sāriputta, general of Dīgha Nikāya, by the

Ānanda, the Buddha’s personal attendant, during the last 25 years of his life, delivered suttas and

participated in many more and four suttas were spoken by the ven. Mahākaccāyna and two by the Second Great chief disciples, the ven. Mahāmoggallāna.

666

MAJJHIMA NIKĀ YA

There are hundred fifty-two Suttas in the Majjhima Nik1ya. These Suttas are divided into three groups. There are fifty Suttas in one group. There are many Suttas have been the same name with the only difference as C3la and Mah1 for example:

Mah1 Gosinga - C3la Gosinga Mah1 Gopalaka - C3la Gopalaka C3la Saccaka - Mah1 Saccaka C3la Vedalla - Mah1 Vedalla

In these manner, there are many Suttas arrange in pairs. The Mah1 vision it is usually longer than a C3la but not always.

In the Majjhima Nik1ya there are some Suttas, which we called Ov1da Sutta. In this sutta we observe advice given.

(1) An1thapintikov1da (2) Cannav1da

(3) Nandokov1da (4) CularAhulov1da

In these Suttas we observe advice given to various people. Once the Buddha gave advise to An1thapindika who was the chief lay disciple of the Buddha. The Buddha once advised Canna who was very stubborn not to commit suicide. The Buddha advised Nanda about the impermanence of sensual pleasure. The Buddha also advised Rahul1 Thera, in this Sutta, C3lavagga. We observed the Buddha given advise to give up defilement and to practice the path leading to Nibbana. All these

Ov1da Suttas are very important to make a person free from impurity.

In the Majjhima Nik1ya there are Suttas dealing with similes. These Suttas are called Upam1 Sutta- 1. Vatth3pam1 Sutta 2. Kakac3pama Sutta 3. Alagadd3pama Sutta 4. VaMmika Sutta 5. Ratavin2ta Sutta 6. C3lahathipadopam1 Sutta 7. Latthukikopama Sutta

In the Vatth3pam1 Sutta, the Buddha gave the parable of the cloth. The Buddha gave instruction to the Buddhist monks to remain pure in mind and to destroy all mental impurity.

In the Kakac3pama Sutta, the parable of saw is given. Here it is said that to curb (stop) anger and to act and to behave like a person free from anger. This Sutta is given.

In the Alagaddupam1 Sutta the parable of snake is given. Here in this instance, if one takes hold of the snake, the snake should be held by the neck and not by the tail.

In the Vammika sutta, an anthill is used as a parable to show how a person can get rid of sensor pleasures.

In the Ratavinita Sutta, the 7 stages of purification to go to Nibb1na are compared to a chariot. In the C3hatthipadopama Sutta gives the parable of an elephant. It is meant the covering of the most important teaching of the Buddha.

In Latukikopam1 sutta, according to this sutta it is said that foolish people do not give up when asked to stop their wrong actions. Later whowever, they become a bond and they cannot get free. In this way in the Majjhima Nik1ya there are Sutta in indicating various types of parables.

In the Majjhima Nik1ya there are suttas called Vibha8ga Suttas- 1. CUlakamma VibhaBga 2. Mah1VibhaBga 3. SalAyatana VibhaBga 4. Uddesa VibhaBga 5. Arana VibhaBga 6. Dh1tu VibhaBga 7. Sacc1 Vibhang

In the Majjhima Nik1ya, there are also Suttas, which are important philosophically having Psychological base. 1. Madupi8dika sutta 2. Mah1vetara sutta 3. C3lavedara sutta 4. Vima9asaka. sutta

Majjhima Nik1ya gives a picture of a social and religious condition during the time of the Buddha. The life of the Buddha as well as the practices of monks are well illustrated. These Suttas also give the religious views of the teachers who lived during the time of the Buddha.

The End

EXPLAINTHE MAJJHIMA NIKĀYAANDITSSUTTASSPOKENBYTHE BUDDHAANDHISDISCIPLESWITHSPECIAL