III. CAPITULO: TRABAJO DE CAMPO
3.2. REVISIÓN DEL ESTADO DEL ARTE
ii
)
Personswho
although l iving on the farm in que stion managed other farms and other business activi ties .were also invo lved to ensure that the labour force was continual ly
employed on productive work . Further, at the t ime the farms were
sele cted , dairy farme rs were being offered spe cial incent ives to produce beef .
In addition , Consulting Officers were asked to name examples in their distri ct s of :
a
)
A number of separat e he rds being milked through the onec
)
milking s he d .
(
This wi ll be referred to as Organisation 1 . )Shift mi lking . This in comparison with normal seasonal
dairying means that in order to milk a given number of co ws , a smal l er farm dairy is used for longer periods each day .
1S2J
The labour unit s employe d on such farms t end t o becomespecialist milkers .
(
This wi ll be referred to as Organi sati on 2 . )Contract milking . This o c curs wh ere one farm dairy .. is used to mi lk a numbe r of herd n . One farmer supplie s the
farm dair'J and th e mi lkin1; .Labour and milks other herds on
a contract bas i s at an agreed rate per pound of milkfat .
(
Thi s wi ll be referred to as Organi sation 3 . )d
)
One farm consist ine of a number of separat e dairying uni t s , where the manaeerial task of all the separat e units is per formed by one person .ll/(
Thi s wi l l be referred to asOrganisat i on 4 . )
e
)
Joint ownership of machinery between two or more farmers .�
(
This wi l l be referred to as Organi sat ion 5 . )From the l i s t s of name s submit ted by each Consulting Officer , a catalogue of name s was prepared for each o f the five labour classes .
In the case of the one , two and three man farms , catalogue s were prepared for each of the s ix subclasse s . Initially in the case o f each o f the
three lower plant si zes , · a minimum of six farmers was selected . Each of the six farmers selected for a parti cular plant s i ze represented a
different subclass . The basis of s election was farmers with the highest
10.
Shift milking may al so require that a given herd be divided into a number of small er herds .1 1 . The organisation di scussed in d
)
represents an increase in busines s s i z e resul ting from increasing the number o f plants , rather t han increasing the s ize of plant .30
output of milkfat per labour unit . To thes e s ix farmers , additional
farmers who had adopt e d unusual management p ractices were added .
Typically the se involved management systems whi ch enabled the output per labour unit to be extremely high . All farmers nominated by Consulting Officers in the la st two plant s iz e s were s ele c ted . A total of forty s even farmers were s e l ected from t he name s submit ted by all . Consulting Offi cers . Of the se :
i ) Forty- three were s el ected t o repre sent the five plant s i ze s .
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i i ) Two were selected because two separate herds were milke dthrough one dairy . ( i . e . Organisation 1 )
iii ) One farmer who was engaged in a contract milking agreement was selected . ( i . e . Organisation 3 )
iv ) One farmer 1•ho was responsible for the management o f a farm which consisted of a numbe r of di stinct unit s was selected .
( i . e . Organis at ion 4 )
No example s of shift milking and j oint ownership of machinery were known . to Consulting Offi cers .
4 . 3
SUHVEY METHODPrior to carrying out the survey , five farms represent ing in total four labour cl asses ( fixe d plant s ) were vi sit ed in May 1969 .
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The s e initial int erviews together with di s cussions w i th Dairy Board Extension Offi cers , plus a review of overseas literature fami liari sed the autho r with the subj ect sufficiently to formulat e a number of hypo theses whi ch the survey was required t o test .Cartwright ( 24 , p . 2 8 ) divided the vari ous type s o f farm surveys into t wo clas se s : de scri ptive and int ervi ew surveys . De s criptive surveys
are concerned with obt aining facts about farmers , and int erview surveys are concerne d with obtaining facts from farme rs . Cartwright noted further t hat interview surveys are concerne d with obtaining both obj ective and subje ctive information from the farme r .
i n this s tu dy were of the int erview type .
Accordingly the surveys conducted
13 . The numbers of farms selected for each o f t he five plant sizes were as fo l lows :
One man farms Two man farms
12 11 Three ma n farms : 12
Four roan farms Five man farms
5
3
14 . Two one man , one two man , one three man and one five man farms were
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