2. REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA
2.1. El café
2.1.3. Enfermedades
2.1.3.1. La roya
Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus- Senftenberg
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Process Engineering Energy Sector Surveys
On the behalf of the staff at Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus- Senftenberg Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Process Engineering, I would like to request your participation in a survey that is being undertaken as part of a PhD project in order to determine the state of Energy Sectors in Developing
Countries.
Your confidentiality is guaranteed as data from this survey is confidential and will be used for academic research and analysis purposes only. Your responses will in no way be made public or be directly or indirectly linked to you or your institution.
The questionnaire has 37 statements and 23 questions that will take 40-70 Minutes to complete.
Thank you very much for your cooperation.
Please return completed questionnaires preferably by email to:
Mr Dumisani Chirambo PhD Candidate
Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus- Senftenberg Erich-Weinert-Str. 1, LG 10/334
03046 Cottbus/Germany Tel (Mobile): +491746033672 Tel (Office): +49355693271 Fax (Office): +49355693057 Email: [email protected]
176 Part A: Below are 37 Statements.
Please mark the answers that best suit your experience and expert judgment.
You may skip statements that are not applicable to your circumstances or relevant to your work area.
Note: Renewable Energy Sources include small hydro, micro hydro and pico hydro power generation but excludes hydro projects above 10 Megawatts.
Q 1 Malawi’s National Energy Policy 2003 is contributing towards the development of a sustainable and viable energy sector.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 2 Malawi’s Electricity Act 2004 is contributing towards the development
of a sustainable and viable energy sector. Q 4 Malawi’s Rural Electrification Act 2004 is contributing towards the
development of a sustainable and viable energy sector.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 5 Malawi’s National Energy Policy 2003 is contributing towards the
utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g.
Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 6 Malawi’s Electricity Act 2004 is contributing towards the utilization
and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar
utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g.
Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 8 Malawi’s Rural Electrification Act 2004 is contributing towards the
utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g.
Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 9 Energy sector related Policies and Laws (e.g. on electrification targets,
rural electrification, power-sector restructuring/privatisation, etc.) have an important role to play towards the development of a
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Rapid Development Zones, special duty free industrial areas, etc.) have an important role to play towards the development of a
renewable energy projects, Feed In Tariffs, import duty exemptions for renewable energy technologies, etc.) have an important role to play towards the development of a sustainable and viable renewable energy sub-sector and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 12 Non-energy sector related Policies and Laws (e.g. investment laws,
Rapid Development Zones, special duty free industrial areas, etc.) have an important role to play towards the development of a sustainable and viable renewable energy sub-sector and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.). Development Organisations, Academia, Financiers, Private Sector, etc.) are effectively undertaking their roles towards the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 14 The media (newspapers, TV and radio) is effectively undertaking its
roles towards promoting the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 15 Government Institutions (e.g. Ministry of Energy; Ministry of
Environment and Natural Resources; Ministry of Planning and National Development; etc.) are effectively undertaking their roles towards promoting the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree
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Q 16 Non-Governmental Organisations are effectively undertaking their roles towards promoting the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 17 Academic, and Research and Development Institutions are effectively
undertaking their roles towards promoting the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 18 Financial Institutions are effectively undertaking their roles towards
promoting the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 19 The Private Sector is effectively undertaking its roles towards
promoting the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 20 International Development Organisations are effectively undertaking
their roles towards promoting the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.). Q 22 Malawi’s National Energy Policy 2003 needs to be updated.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 23 Malawi’s Rural Electrification Act 2004 is successfully addressing the
needs of the consumers and general public.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 24 Malawi’s Rural Electrification Act 2004 needs to be reviewed.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 25 The Biomass/Bioenergy sub-sector is being used to its full potential.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
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Agree Sure Disagree Q 26 Climate Change issues are adequately addressed in Malawi’s energy
laws and policies.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 27 Energy development issues are adequately prioritized in Government
of Malawi’s Agendas.
decentralized renewable energy sources can assist poverty reduction in Malawi. Q 32 The framers of the Malawi National Energy Policy 2003 proposed the
enactment of a Renewable Energy Supply Act. This has not taken effect to date.
The lack of progress on enacting a Renewable Energy Supply Act has negatively impacted the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 33 Malawian Institutions have adequate resources for energy sector
policy formulation, implementation and monitoring.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 34 It is more effective to establish an autonomous and separate
institution (e.g. for renewable development, rural electrification, etc.) rather than establish a department within existing institutions for such roles.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
180
Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly Agree Sure Disagree Q 35 There is a lack of awareness and information about financing
opportunities through climate financing instruments (e.g. the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)) for energy related projects (e.g.renewable energy, energy efficiency, etc.).
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 36 Climate finance instruments (e.g. the Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM)) can help improve the energy sector in Malawi.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree Q 37 A stable and supportive policy and regulatory environment (i.e.
appropriate regulatory requirements, well formulated and implemented policies, etc.) can assist in promoting investments in the energy industry.
Malawi has stable and predictable policy frameworks that can attract investments in the energy sector.
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Strongly Agree Not Disagree Strongly
Agree Sure Disagree
Part B: Below are 23 Questions.
Please provide brief answers according to your experience and expert judgment.
Please present in order of priority with the first answer being the most important.
You may skip questions that are not applicable to your circumstances or relevant to your work area.
Note: Renewable Energy Sources include small hydro, micro hydro and pico hydro power generation but excludes hydro projects above 10 Megawatts.
Q 38 What four aspects need to be addressed in order to improve the energy sector in Malawi?
1:
2:
3:
4:
Q 39 What four aspects need to be addressed in Malawi in order promote the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g.
Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.)?
1:
2:
3:
4:
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Q 40 How do/how can (if at all) energy sector related Policies and Laws (e.g.
on electrification targets, rural electrification, power-sector
Q 41 How do/how can (if at all) non energy sector related Policies and Laws (e.g. investment laws, Rapid Development Zones, special duty free industrial areas, etc.) influence the development of a sustainable and viable energy sector in Malawi?
1:
2:
3:
4:
Q 42 How do/how can (if at all) non energy sector related Policies and Laws (e.g. investment laws, Rapid Development Zones, special duty free industrial areas, etc.) influence the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g. Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.)?
1:
2:
3:
4:
Q 43 How do/how can (if at all) renewable energy sector related Policies and Laws (e.g. grants for renewable energy projects, Feed In Tariffs, import duty exemptions for renewable energy technologies, etc.) influence the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources (e.g.
Biofuels, Solar Technologies, Hydro, Wind Power, etc.)?
1:
2:
3:
4:
Q 44 Please list four important stakeholders in the renewable energy sector?
You may include new stakeholders if they have not been included on the list provided in Q 13.
1:
2:
182 3:
4:
Q 45 What support needs to be provided to the stakeholders in Q 44 in order to assist them to scale up?
1:
2:
3:
4:
Q 46 Please list (if any) important issues and aspects not included in the Malawi National Energy Policy 2003?
1:
2:
3:
4:
Q 47 Please list (if any) important issues and aspects that can improve the Malawi Rural Electrification Programme (MAREP)?
1:
2:
3:
4:
Q 48 Please list (if any) energy sector related Policies and Laws that need to be introduced/amended in Malawi in order to promote the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources?
1:
2:
3:
4:
Q 49 Please list (if any) non energy sector related Policies and Laws that need to be introduced/amended in Malawi in order to improve the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources?
1:
2:
3:
4:
Q 50 Please list (if any) important issues and aspects that can encourage the active participation of the private sector and investors to promote the utilization and development of Renewable Energy Sources in Malawi?