LA RURALIDAD EN EL PAÍS A MEDIADOS DE LOS 70s Y 80s

Figure 6-10 shows that the pressure drop across the shed zone decreases in the presence of sheds. This is probably caused by the breakage of rising

sheds: since smaller gas bubbles raise more slowly, the gas holdup increases, the average bed density decreases and the pressure drop decreases. When comparing the various sheds, it appears that the regular sheds and the mesh shed were

gas bubbles than the Mega shed.

Figure 6-10. Differential pressure of the shed zone as a function of the shed type. (The

error bars represent the data with a 95% confidence

The mesh shed is the shed type and configuration that better perform to the residence times (Figure

above the shed, and reduced the time of the agglomerate below the shed to the normal shed configuration and

Types of Shed

shows that the pressure drop across the shed zone decreases in the presence of sheds. This is probably caused by the breakage of rising gas bubbles by the sheds: since smaller gas bubbles raise more slowly, the gas holdup increases, the average bed density decreases and the pressure drop decreases. When comparing the various sheds, it appears that the regular sheds and the mesh shed were more effective at breaking gas bubbles than the Mega shed.

fferential pressure of the shed zone as a function of the shed type. (The error bars represent the data with a 95% confidence interval).

The mesh shed is the shed type and configuration that better perform

Figure 6-11): it maximized the residence time of the agglomerate above the shed, and reduced the time of the agglomerate below the shed

the normal shed configuration and the Mega Shed.

shows that the pressure drop across the shed zone decreases in the gas bubbles by the sheds: since smaller gas bubbles raise more slowly, the gas holdup increases, the average bed density decreases and the pressure drop decreases. When comparing the various more effective at breaking

fferential pressure of the shed zone as a function of the shed type. (The

The mesh shed is the shed type and configuration that better performed according time of the agglomerate above the shed, and reduced the time of the agglomerate below the shed when compared

Figure 6-11. Average residence time

below the shed zones as a function of the shed type. (The error bars represent the data with a 95% confidence interval).

Integrating the agglomerate motion data with the thermal model shows that the Mega shed gave a slightly lower flow of

6-12-a)]. This was however achieved at the cost of losing more liquid to the burner, as shown by [Figure 6-12-b)].

a)

Figure 6-12. a) Fraction

vapor as a function of shed type Fraction of liquid entering the stripper

30 wt%, for tracer 2). (The error bars represent the data with a 95% confidence interval) Average residence time of the agglomerate above the shed, in the shed,

as a function of the shed type. (The error bars represent the data with a 95% confidence interval).

Integrating the agglomerate motion data with the thermal model shows that the Mega shed gave a slightly lower flow of vapor rising to the upper shed level [

a)]. This was however achieved at the cost of losing more liquid to the burner, as )].

b) Fraction of liquid entering the stripper that reaches the

as a function of shed type for wet agglomerate (C0 = 30 wt%, for tracer liquid entering the stripper lost to the burner as a function of shed type

2). (The error bars represent the data with a 95% confidence interval) of the agglomerate above the shed, in the shed, as a function of the shed type. (The error bars represent the data

Integrating the agglomerate motion data with the thermal model shows that the rising to the upper shed level [Figure a)]. This was however achieved at the cost of losing more liquid to the burner, as

the sheds level as %, for tracer 2). b) of shed type (C0 = 2). (The error bars represent the data with a 95% confidence interval)

The data presented in

presented in Figure 6-13. It is desirable to reduce both the amount of organic reaches the sheds and the amount of liquid that is lost to the burner. In order to the statistical significance of the results presented in

(ANOVA) followed by a Post Ho Difference (HSD) was conducted that reaches the shed as vapor that is lost to the burner

percentage of liquid that reaches the sheds as all four types of sheds differ significantly (p<0 liquid that enters the stripper

that there is no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) mesh shed, as well as between

Figure 6-13. Percentage of liquid entering the stripper that reaches the shed as vapor as a

function of the percentage of liquid entering the stripper lost to the burner, different internals.

The data displayed in give an insight of the net eff

related problems and in the amount

normal sheds, the mega sheds statistically reduce

The data presented in Figure 6-12 is better appreciated in a single graph as . It is desirable to reduce both the amount of organic

s and the amount of liquid that is lost to the burner. In order to

the statistical significance of the results presented in Figure 6-13, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Post Hoc Test in the form of the Tukey Honest Significant was conducted for both the percentage of liquid entering the stripper vapor, as well as for the percentage of liquid entering the stripper

[The detailed procedure can be found in Appendix G]

percentage of liquid that reaches the sheds as vapor, the statistical analysis concluded that all four types of sheds differ significantly (p<0.05). In contrast, for the percentage of d that enters the stripper and is lost to the burner, the statistical analysis concluded

statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the between the normal shed and mega shed.

Percentage of liquid entering the stripper that reaches the shed as vapor as a function of the percentage of liquid entering the stripper lost to the burner,

The data displayed in Figure 6-13 in combination with the statistical analysis can give an insight of the net effect that the mega shed and the mesh shed have in the fouling

and in the amount of liquid that is lost to the burner. Compared to the normal sheds, the mega sheds statistically reduces the amount of vapor

is better appreciated in a single graph as . It is desirable to reduce both the amount of organic vapor that s and the amount of liquid that is lost to the burner. In order to determine nalysis of variance e Tukey Honest Significant both the percentage of liquid entering the stripper id entering the stripper [The detailed procedure can be found in Appendix G]. For the , the statistical analysis concluded that for the percentage of the statistical analysis concluded between the no shed and the

Percentage of liquid entering the stripper that reaches the shed as vapor as a function of the percentage of liquid entering the stripper lost to the burner, for each of the

in combination with the statistical analysis can ect that the mega shed and the mesh shed have in the fouling liquid that is lost to the burner. Compared to the vapor that reaches the

sheds (thus reducing fouling problems) but

valuable liquid that is lost to the burner. In contrast, when mesh sheds replace type of sheds, the amount of

problems); however, the use of mesh type of sheds have a significant positive impact in the amount of liquid that is lost to the burner, this by maintaining the sam

than when there are no internal best compromise, because it to a bed without internals

moreover, the second shed row of the mesh sheds will never completel downward flow of solids

sheds are would when fouled Figure 6-14 presents

Figure 6-15 the local average Lagrangian velocities around the sheds.

Figure 6-14. Upward and downward velocities as a function of the shed type.

ng fouling problems) but they do not have any impact in the amount of valuable liquid that is lost to the burner. In contrast, when mesh sheds replace

sheds, the amount of vapor that reaches the sheds increases (more fouling related ); however, the use of mesh type of sheds have a significant positive impact in the amount of liquid that is lost to the burner, this by maintaining the sam

no internals inside the fluidized bed. The mesh shed repre because it reduces the organic vapor that reaches the sheds

to a bed without internals) and maintains the amount of liquid that is lost to the burner; moreover, the second shed row of the mesh sheds will never completel

downward flow of solids (thus the flooding of the bed is avoided) as the normal type of would when fouled.

presents the upward and downward breakthrough velocities and the local average Lagrangian velocities around the sheds.

Upward and downward velocities as a function of the shed type.

any impact in the amount of valuable liquid that is lost to the burner. In contrast, when mesh sheds replace the normal more fouling related ); however, the use of mesh type of sheds have a significant positive impact in the amount of liquid that is lost to the burner, this by maintaining the same performance inside the fluidized bed. The mesh shed represents the that reaches the sheds (compared and maintains the amount of liquid that is lost to the burner; moreover, the second shed row of the mesh sheds will never completely block the the normal type of

the upward and downward breakthrough velocities and

Figure 6-15. Velocity plot arrow in the shed zone as a function of the type of shed.

The effect of the

system. Using the coordinates of the tracer

frequency map of occurrence can be created by counting the number of times the tracer was detected at each coord

was found inside the measurement zone as presented in

easily detect the position, configuration and size of the internal by presenting it as a voidage and guarantees that the system is working and well calibrated.

Velocity plot arrow in the shed zone as a function of the type of shed.

The effect of the shed inside the fluidized bed can be observed by the RPT system. Using the coordinates of the tracer-agglomerate inside the measurement zone, a frequency map of occurrence can be created by counting the number of times the tracer was detected at each coordinate and dividing it by the total number of times the trace was found inside the measurement zone as presented in Figure 6-16. The technique can easily detect the position, configuration and size of the internal by presenting it as a

es that the system is working and well calibrated.

Velocity plot arrow in the shed zone as a function of the type of shed. shed inside the fluidized bed can be observed by the RPT

inside the measurement zone, a frequency map of occurrence can be created by counting the number of times the tracer inate and dividing it by the total number of times the tracer . The technique can easily detect the position, configuration and size of the internal by presenting it as a

Figure 6-16. Frequency map of occurrences as a function of the type of shed.

The mesh shed also perform downward breakthrough velocities (

zone faster. This behavior can be better appreciated around the shed (Figure

present velocities as high as when there

as the normal shed. Moreover, by having a section in the shed that completely disrupt the entire upward motion

reduced the velocity of the agglomerates. In contrast blocked the upward flow of solids and work

shed.