Ruta cuadricular siguiendo las diagonales

To make the fieldwork more manageable, the sites had to be within a part of Delhi and not spread all over it. We assumed that a part of Delhi with high percentage of migrant households and a high percentage of population living in squatter settlements would be more representative.

The only information on the proportion of migrant households was from a survey conducted in 1968-69.^ Any new calculations were not possible due to unavailability

^ Institute of Socialist education (1989).

’ The survey was carried out by the Demographic Research Centre of the Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi. The focus of the survey was on fertility and family planning (Banerjee, 1986: 12). The proportion of the migrants according to this survey was highest in South Delhi.

of data disaggregated by parts of Delhi.

The percentage of squatter population for different parts of Delhi (Table A-3.1) was estimated through adjustments of data from various organisations.* The South Delhi Zone was selected since the percentage of its population living in squatter settlements (and also the proportion of migrant households) is higher compared to other Zones.^

S tage II: selectin g squatter settlem en ts in South Delhi

A Socio-economic baseline survey of 457 jhuggie jhonpari clusters (squatter settlements) in Delhi covering all parts of Delhi on the West of the river Yamuna, was conducted during 1 9 8 8 - 8 9 . Using information from this survey, an ’index of poverty and recentness of migration’ was calculated for the 159 clusters of south Delhi. This index was used to select ten settlements.*^

For details of the method of estimation, see Appendix A, Section 1.

^ The popular perception that squatter population by area unit (density) is a more appropriate indicator for the purpose of getting to the poor migrant did not stand up to the scrutiny. For details see Appendix A, Section

2.

Institute of Socialist Education (1989). Incidently this baseline information was not available for East Delhi.

S tage III: selectin g C ensus blocks

The Census b l o c k s o f the 1991 population Census provided the latest sampling frame. A list was made of the 48 Census blocks that cover the ten selected squatter settlements. Five Census blocks were selected by probability-proportionate-to-size, with a random start.

S tage IV: selectin g the

Criteria migrants

A listing survey of all the heads of households'^ in the selected Census blocks was conducted. At this stage the migrants meeting the following criteria were selected for detailed interviewing:

(a) The people born in or last resided in the rural areas outside Delhi State boundary;

(b) Age at arrival in Delhi being 12 years or more (The intention was to exclude non-decision making migrants);

The unit of area with defined boundaries which normally one enumerator covers during population Census is called Census block. It normally has between 100 and 200 households. For details of the concept of Census block in the Indian Census, see Census of India (1991) Delhi: provisional population totals.

GOI, Census of India, 1991 (1992).

For details of the selected Census blocks and problem of locating them, see Appendix, Section 4.

For the UN definition of household, see Casley and Lury (1987: 162). Persons living in the same jhuggie

but cooking separately or keeping separate account of the common cooking were treated as household. The questionnaire is given in Appendix D.

(c) Those arriving in 1972 or after^^;

(d) Those arriving after securing employment or in search of employment (so that only the decision making migrants were chosen and those who came on transfers or as dependents excluded).

The migrants meeting above four criteria are called criteria migrants in this thesis. The percentage of criteria migrants among the heads of the households of the listing survey was 36 per cent which was higher than 17.5 per cent found in an earlier survey (Baneijee, 1986: 13). Out of the 506 heads of the households interviewed during the listing survey of the first four of the selected five Census blocks, 184 were the kind of migrants who meet the above four conditions. As the target number of 150 criteria migrants was over-reached, the listing of the fifth Census block was not necessary. The location of these four Census blocks where sample survey was conducted is shown on

Map 3.1 (provided in the pocket inside the back cover of this thesis).

3.3 The survey

The question posed in terms of recruitment versus expulsion, gives certain relationships to test. For example, the pre-migration economic position and employment status are relevant to see if and how the migrants were deprived in the areas of origin. The knowledge of urban jobs and the presence or absence of channels of recruitment are important areas to explore to see if and how connectivity with urban labour market

Due to the prominence of the ’National Emergency’ of 1975-77 in the public memory, it was easy for the respondents to recall the dates near to this point of reference. Moreover, the memory of the migrants of more than 20 years would have been less reliable.

determines migration. For this purpose, the two questionnaires of the sample survey covered a range of variab les .T he results are discussed in Chapters IV and V.

Questionnaires are given in Appendix D. For the report on pre-testing as well as for information on data collection and the demographic profile of the criteria migrants, see Appendix A, sections 5 to 8.

CHAPTER IV SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF