Síntesis de resultados de la subescala 1.3 El presente capitulo tiene como objetivo exponer la relación que existe entre los datos obtenidos en el proceso de

1. She runs away to another farm where she is pampered with ribbons and sugar 2. Snowball gives brilliant speeches;

Napoleon is able to gain support by talking to the animals at other times; Snowball comes up with schemes; Napoleon sits back “biding” his time

3. Snowball wants to put the windmill on the knoll, which could help it create the power to operate machinery so the animals would have machines to do some of their work for them. He read several of Mr. Jones’s books and planned everything out in the incubator room.

4. Napoleon came out against the windmill from the start and refused to look at Snowball’s plans. Finally, when he did, he urinated on them.

5. The animals are divided on whether or not to spend their time building the windmill. Snowball knows it will take at least a year, but will save the animals work later, so his platform is the three-day workweek of the future. Napoleon is against building the windmill and instead, wants to focus on food production. His platform is the “full manger.”

6. Napoleon wants to gather firearms and train in their use; Snowball wants to stir up rebellion on the other farms by using pigeons

7. Just as it appears as if Snowball will win the vote, Napoleon calls in the dogs (the puppies he had been secretly training) who attempt to attack Snowball; they scare him away and he is never heard from again 8. Sunday meetings would come to an end

and all decisions relating to the farm would be decided by the pigs, and there would be no more debates. He says they are a waste of time; any important matter would be decided by a committee of pigs overseen by himself.

9. Answers will vary. Sample student answer: The dogs, who had just chased off

Snowball, stand threateningly close to Napoleon’s side; the animals are more than

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likely very afraid of what would happen to them if they spoke out against Napoleon 10. that Jones may come back

11. “Napoleon is always right” and “I will work harder.”

12. After the hoisting of the flag, the animals were now required to file past Old Major’s skull in a reverent manner before entering the barn. The animals no longer sat together—the pigs (Napoleon, Squealer, and Minimus) sat on a raised platform with the nine dogs encircling them. The rest of the animals sat facing them. Napoleon read out orders, and Beasts of England was sung only once. 13. Squealer explained that Napoleon had

never actually been opposed to the idea; and on the contrary, it was Napoleon’s idea in the first place—Snowball had stolen Napoleon’s plans

14. Answers will vary. Sample student answer: Since Snowball’s plans were left alone, Napoleon had time and access to really look at them. Napoleon probably saw that it actually was a good idea to build the windmill, and he had the plans to make it work, so he decided to change his story so they could build the windmill and he could get the credit for it.

15. #2—“Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend”; Snowball, it was decided, was the enemy, even though he walked on four legs.

16. Napoleon got rid of debates and voting, which is tantamount to a democracy. By removing the vote, citizens no longer have a say in matters, and only a small group of government officials make the decisions. Without this right to vote and elect officials, it is no longer a

Democracy.

17. Answers will vary. Sample student answer: Now that Napoleon is in charge alone, there is no one to debate or oppose him. There is no balance and Napoleon, with the help (and threat) of his dogs and Squealer, will have complete control of everything the animals do, unless they begin to stand up against him.

Page 55-58: Literature Focus: Rhetoric and Propaganda

1. Reality: In his speech, Old Major wants to provoke the animals to action, and he

does that by appealing to their emotions. He wants the animals to hate humans and rebel against them.

2. Reality: Old Major makes the animals believe that if they get rid of only one thing—man—they have found the answer to all their problems. He makes it sound very easy—abolish man, find heaven; and he is saying “Do it now!”

3. Reality: Squealer is trying to convince the animals that the pigs don’t really want to take the milk and apples, but that they have to because they need them in order to thrive and take care of the farm. By interjecting that this has been proved by Science, he hopes that none of the animals will object.

4. Reality: In reality, Squealer just sums everything up with one question. Of course, none of the animals wants Jones back, so they of course, believe everything Squealer says. He might as well be asking, “Surely, none of you wants your throat ripped out by Napoleon’s dogs?”

5. Reality: Squealer wants the animals to believe that somehow Napoleon is making a huge sacrifice by being the animals’ leader. He wants the animals to be thankful and grateful for Napoleon’s work. 6. Reality: In truth, Napoleon was not using

tactics. He just changed his mind. By having Squealer speak for him, Napoleon is able to convince the animals that

everything he does is on purpose—and that he planned everything from the start. 7. Reality: It doesn’t matter what Squealer

actually said; with the dogs there

threatening to tear their throats out at any time, no animal dared to say a thing. 8. Reality: The pigs were going to make all

the decisions from now on. Although their decisions had to be ratified by a vote, it was a committee of pigs who were voting, and not all the animals on the farm.

9. Reality: The dogs, who tended to Napoleon, were there to make the other animals fear Napoleon.

10. Reality: Napoleon would be making all the decisions, since he was the head of the special committee and everyone feared opposing him.

Part Two

Answers may vary. Sample responses are given.

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Glittering generalities: Old Major calls everyone Comrade and claims that with solidarity they can overthrow the humans. The problem with this is that he doesn’t say how it can be accomplished, nor give real evidence other than pure emotional support. Another example is the sheep bleating “Four legs good, two legs bad.” This sounds good, but there is no evidence that all those who walk on two legs are bad, or all four legged creatures are good. The windmill debate is also full of glittering generalities, as Napoleon and Snowball try to gain support for their claims, which are not explained or supported. Name-calling: Blaming the humans for the animals’ way of life; calling Snowball a “criminal.”

Plain folks: Snowball claims he is “for the animals” when he proposes to build the windmill for electricity to save the animals work. Snowball and Napoleon fight alongside the other animals at the Battle of the Cowshed.

Testimonials: Boxer adopts the motto “Napoleon is always right.” Squealer claims that it was Napoleon’s idea to build the windmill in the first place.

Transfer: the animals are directed to never communicate with humans; the pigeons spread the word about the Rebellion and Beasts of England.

Card-Stacking: The debate over the windmill, Squealer defending the pigs getting the milk and apples.

Pages 59-60: Language Focus: Connotation/Denotation

Answers will vary. Sample student answers are given.

1. biding

a. verb—staying; waiting b. neutral

c. waiting

d. no indication of being frustrated waiting or being excited in anticipation

2. blithely

a. adj.—cheerfully; without care or concern

b. neutral c. anxiously

d. there is no cheer or anxiety attached—not positive or negative 3. disinterred

a. verb— dug up; exposed something hidden

b. positive c. buried

d. a better way of saying “dug up” 4. marshal

a. verb—gather; organize b. positive

c. scatter

d. marshal has a connection with gathering troops for battle—a positive connection, while collect just means “gather”

5. pretext

a. noun—a hidden reason; a made-up excuse

b. positive c. honest answer

d. pretext is better than saying “trick” or “scheme”

6. ratified

a. verb—formally approved b. positive

c. disapproved; rejected

d. more of a positive connection than “consented” or “sanctioned;” can be considered a word connected to the Constitution, which gives a positive connection

7. tactics

a. noun—plans and procedures for forces in battle

b. negative

c. ambitions; proposals; ideas

d. like the hidden strategies of a military move; often attached to “sneaky” or “underhanded”

Page 61: Chapter Six Note-Taking and