A beekeeper collects the honey and wax. Each bee puts the nectar in honeycomb cells.
1 4 2 5 3 6 4 2 6 5 3
33
thirty-three
Complete the diagram. Use these words. provide food
eat our clothes eat dead plants damage crops sting
pollinate plants make honey and silk transmit diseases
11
Colour the animals that can harm people. Tick the invertebrates.
Draw and label a sketch of your favourite insect. Write two sentences about your insect.
12
13
HARMFUL INSECTS USEFUL
O. A.
O. A.
✓
✓
✓
eat our clothes
sting
provide food
pollinate plants damage crops
transmit diseases
eat dead plants
make honey and silk
colour
colour
34
thirty-four6
Unit
Look at the classroom. Use the key to colour the machines. Key
carry things
communicate
exert force
travel
Write the use of each machine. Use these words.
exerting force carrying heavy objects communicating travelling
a. Shopping trolleys are used for .
b. Electric screwdrivers are used for .
c. Motorbikes are used for .
d. Computers are used for .
1
2
Circle the odd one out. Then, write sentences using the circled words. a. b. c. d. A is used for . A . A . A .
These machines help us. What energy do they use? Complete the chart.
Choose two of the machines from Activity 4 and write sentences.
A dishwasher uses electricity .
A uses .
A uses .
Name another machine that you use at home. Write the energy source.
3
4
5
carrying heavy objects
yellow yellow red red blue green exerting force travelling communicating
35
thirty-five
Circle the odd one out. Then, write sentences using the circled words. a. helicopter train boat telephone
b. saw trolley cart wheelbarrow c. hammer bicycle drill screwdriver d. telephone computer television cart
A is used for .
A .
A .
A .
These machines help us. What energy do they use? Complete the chart.
Human energy Electricity
Choose two of the machines from Activity 4 and write sentences.
A dishwasher uses electricity .
A uses .
A uses .
Name another machine that you use at home. Write the energy source.
3 4 5 vacuum cleaner washing machine broom duster mop dishwasher green human energy mop broom dishwasher
duster vacuum cleaner
mop washing machine
human energy duster
A television uses electricity. saw is used for exerting force
communicating bicycle is used for travelling
cart is used for carrying heavy objects telephone
M. A. M. A.
36
6
thirty-six
Write S (simple) or C (compound) next to each machine.
Which is the most modern lawnmower? Circle.
Draw one simple machine and one compound machine that we use when we study.
8
9
10
Use the key to colour the machines. Key human force combustible fuel wind electricity
Look at the photographs. Match the machines to the descriptions and write the energy source.
Athletes use this to train before a race. It needs to be
plugged in. The energy source is .
In this sport you travel over water on a board, holding a sail. You have no motor.
The energy source is . In this sport you use a machine to catch fish.
The energy source is .
In this sport, drivers want to reach the finish line first.
The energy source is .
6 7 A B C D electricity wind human force combustible fuel green red red blue orange
37
thirty-seven
Write S (simple) or C (compound) next to each machine.
Which is the most modern lawnmower? Circle.
Draw one simple machine and one compound machine that we use when we study.
8 9 10 A B O. A. O. A. C C S S S C S red
38
thirty-eight6
Match the pictures to the simple machines and to their use.
lever To move heavy objects from a lower to a higher place.
ramp To lift heavy objects with a bar.
pulley To move things from one place to another.
wheel To lift heavy objects with a wheel and a rope.
Write the simple machines.
a. A rope wrapped around a wheel. b. A solid disk that turns on an axle. c. A bar that rests on a pivot point. d. An inclined plane.
Which simple machine could you use in each situation? a. You need to collect water in a bucket from a well. b. A horse needs to get into a horse box.
11
12
13
Circle the compound machines. Compare the pictures.
There are compound machines in A and compound machines in B. Complete the sentences. Use these words.
can be electric or gas. They produce movement. are wheels with teeth that produce movement.
are electric circuits with very small parts called microchips. have switches and wires. They help electricity flow through
a machine.
Look at the photographs of compound machines. Match them to the sentences above. 14 15 A B C D pulley wheel lever ramp pulley ramp
39
thirty-nine
Circle the compound machines. Compare the pictures.
There are compound machines in A and compound machines in B. Complete the sentences. Use these words.
electric circuits
electronic circuits motors gears can be electric or gas. They produce movement. are wheels with teeth that produce movement.
are electric circuits with very small parts called microchips. have switches and wires. They help electricity flow through
a machine.
Look at the photographs of compound machines. Match them to the sentences above. 14 15 A B A B C D 3 1 B D A C Motors Gears Electronic circuits Electric circuits
40
fortyWrite the words under the correct photograph.
3
Label the picture of planet Earth. Then, write the words next to the definitions.
continent island atmosphere
river lake a. Land surrounded by water.
b. A large area of land.
c. The layer of air that surrounds the Earth. d. Water flowing from the mountains to the sea. e. An area of water surrounded by land.
Is most of the Earth covered with land or with water? Complete the text about the Sun. Use the words.
closer
life star heat light live
1
2
The Sun is the only in the Solar System. The Sun is like other stars in the sky, but looks bigger because it is to Earth.
The Sun gives the Earth and . Without the Sun, the Solar System would be dark and cold.
There would be no on Earth because
plants and animals need sunlight to and grow.
7
Unit
Write Sun, Moon or Earth.
a. This star gives us the light and heat we need to live. b. This planet is surrounded by the atmosphere.
c. The seas on this satellite do not contain any water. Solve these riddles about the Moon.
4 5 atmosphere continent river lake island continent island atmosphere river lake water star closer heat light life live
41
forty-one
Write the words under the correct photograph. light
star light areas seas water heat dark areas
planet crater air
3
The light regions on a photograph of the Moon. They are high areas.
You could not breathe on the Moon because there is none of this.
On Earth they contain water, and on the Moon they do not.
These were formed when asteroids or comets hit the Moon’s surface.
The Moon does not have any light, but it looks bright because it reflects light from this star. Write Sun, Moon or Earth.
a. This star gives us the light and heat we need to live. b. This planet is surrounded by the atmosphere.
c. The seas on this satellite do not contain any water. Solve these riddles about the Moon.
4
5
Sun Moon Earth
a.
d.
b.
e.
c.
high regions air seas
Sun light star heat light areas seas dark areas crater seas water planet air Earth Moon craters Sun
42
forty-twoLabel the Moon phases.
Why does the Moon seem to change shape?
Write T (true) or F (false).
A lunar month has 28 days. Each Moon phase lasts two weeks.
The Earth orbits the Moon. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright. Draw your house in the centre. Then, follow the instructions and draw.
Draw your school to the north. Draw a supermarket to the east. Draw a lake to the south.
Draw a park to the west.
10
11
12
Use the key to colour the Earth. Then, complete the sentence. night day
It is dark. It is night. I am
at the Pole.
Match the sentences to the correct word.
a. The Earth takes 24 hours to turn all the way round. b. The Earth orbits the Sun.
c. One complete orbit of the Sun takes 365 days. ROTATION d. It causes the four seasons.
e. The Earth spins on its tilted axis. REVOLUTION f. It causes day and night.
Label the diagrams. Write revolution or rotation.
Read the text about Earth revolution. Circle the correct words.
Earth revolution causes the four seasons. The Sun’s rays reach the Earth at an angle because the Earth rotates on a level / tilted axis. In winter the angle is bigger,
which means there is more / less heat. In summer the rays reach Earth more directly. This means there is more / less heat.
6 7 8 9
7
South Pole North Pole A B revolution rotation North black yellow43
forty-three
Label the Moon phases. full moon
new moon waxing moon waning moon
Why does the Moon seem to change shape?
Write T (true) or F (false).
A lunar month has 28 days. Each Moon phase lasts two weeks.
The Earth orbits the Moon. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright. Draw your house in the centre. Then, follow the instructions and draw.
Draw your school to the north. Draw a supermarket to the east. Draw a lake to the south.
Draw a park to the west.
10 11 12 T F F T O. A.
full moon waning moon waxing moon new moon
M. A. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright. However, we cannot always see all of the bright side.
44
forty-fourClassify the continents and oceans.
Label the three continents and three oceans that are missing on the map.
15
16
What do we use artificial satellites for? Look at the pictures and write.
Label the Earth globe. Then, use the words to complete the sentences.
North Pole South Pole Equator Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere
An Earth globe is the most accurate way to represent planet Earth. The divides the Earth into two halves: the
and the . The point on Earth that is farthest North is the and the point that is farthest South is the .
13 14
7
A B C For telecommunications. Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere North Pole Equator South Pole Equator Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere North Pole South PoleTo create maps and globes. For information about
45
forty-five
Classify the continents and oceans.
Indian America Atlantic Europe Pacific Asia Africa Oceania Antarctic Arctic Antarctica
Continents Oceans
Label the three continents and three oceans that are missing on the map.
15 16 A T L A N T I C O C E A N A R C T I C O C E A N N E W S A F R I C A O C E A N I A A N T A R C T I C A North Pole Equator South Pole Equator America Europe Asia Africa Oceania Antarctica Indian Atlantic Pacific Antarctic Arctic PACIFIC OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN ANTARCTIC OCEAN AMERICA ASIA EUROPE 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 45 14/10/11 9:01
46
forty-sixWrite the state of the water under the photographs.
1 Match the photographs to the descriptions. Then, write the change of state that is taking place.
condensation
Write the different uses of water in the picture.
3
4
8
Unit
ICE LIQUID WATER WATER VAPOUR
Match the words to the sentences. Then, complete the diagram. melting
freezing evaporation condensation a. When ice is heated and turns into liquid water.
b. When liquid water heats up and turns into water vapour. c. When liquid water cools and turns into ice.
d. When water vapour cools and turns into liquid water.
2
A B C
solid gas liquid
melting evaporation freezing condensation melting freezing evaporation condensation
47
forty-seven
Match the photographs to the descriptions. Then, write the change of state that is taking place. Wet clothes drying
in the sun.
When rain turns into ice.
When snow turns into water.
When the bathroom
mirror gets misty. condensation
Write the different uses of water in the picture.
3 4 A B C D evaporation freezing melting
M. A. A man is using water to have a shower. The dog is using water for drinking. The woman is using water to water the plants. Water is being used to water the crops on the farm. The plants and crops need water to live. Water is being used in the factory. The man is using the water in the river for fishing.
48
forty-eightComplete the sentences.
There is lots of water on the surface of the Earth. There is also water beneath the surface.
This is called . Groundwater comes from and . The water goes through the soil and down to the empty spaces between and below.
Here it collects and forms large deposits called . People extract the water by building .
Look at the pictures. Use the words to describe what happens to the landscape in winter and in spring.
In winter In spring
Where are the coldest areas on Earth?
8
9
Complete the table about salt water and fresh water.
Salt water Fresh water
Where is it found? seas and oceans How much salt does it contain?
What is it used for? Do we drink it?
Is it treated at desalination plants?
Match the sentence halves. Then, write the complete sentences. a. Fresh water is found in very expensive.
b. There is very little salt in the seas and the oceans. c. Most of the water on Earth is in fresh water.
d. Salt is eliminated from salt water at desalination plants. e. Desalted water is rivers and lakes.
How can we save water? Write three ways.
5
6
8
7
rivers, streams, lakes a lot
no
industrial uses
yes
Fresh water is found in rivers and lakes. There is very little salt in fresh water.
Most of the water on Earth is in the seas and the oceans. Salt is eliminated from salt water at desalination plants. Desalted water is very expensive.
Have a shower instead of a bath.
Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth.
Only use the washing machine when you have a full load.
very little
yes
for drinking
no
49
forty-nine
Complete the sentences.
aquifers snow sand groundwater fresh wells rocks rain There is lots of water on the surface of the Earth. There is
also water beneath the surface. This is called . Groundwater comes from and . The water goes through the soil and down to the empty spaces between and below.
Here it collects and forms large deposits called . People extract the water by building .
Look at the pictures. Use the words to describe what happens to the landscape in winter and in spring.
In winter In spring
Where are the coldest areas on Earth?
8 9 Winter Spring fresh groundwater snow rain rocks sand aquifers wells
, temperatures are low in
North Pole South Pole
mountain regions. Water becomes ice and snow. Large pieces of ice called icebergs float in the ocean.
, temperatures are warmer.
The snow and ice melt and turn into liquid water again. Trees and plants grow. There are flowers.
50
fifty8
Read the sentences. Use the information to draw and label the water cycle. 1. The sun heats up the water in rivers, lakes and seas. It evaporates.
2. The warm air cools. The water vapour condenses into tiny water droplets. 3. The water droplets form clouds. The wind moves the clouds over the land. 4. Water from clouds falls as rain, hail or snow. It falls into the rivers
and goes into the seas and oceans.
5. Some rain is collected in the ground as groundwater and forms aquifers.
12
Put the sentences in order to describe how clouds are formed. 1 Water from the oceans, lakes and rivers heats up.
Water vapour cools down and condenses. Condensed water turns into tiny water droplets. Water vapour rises into the cold atmosphere. Water evaporates to form water vapour.
Water droplets form clouds which move with the wind.
Label the diagram. Write evaporation, water vapour and condensation.
Complete the text. Use the words to complete the crossword.
When rain falls on the land, it forms streams . They flow into r , which flow into the s and o . Sometimes rainwater and snow sink deep into the ground and form a . Water in w and s comes from these.
10 11 O A S I S T R R E A M W S condensation water vapour evaporation ivers eas ceans quifers ells prings 4 3 5 6 2 C N N P E F Q A E S U S I R L E E S G R V S L
51
fifty-one
Read the sentences. Use the information to draw and label the water cycle. 1. The sun heats up the water in rivers, lakes and seas. It evaporates.
2. The warm air cools. The water vapour condenses into tiny water droplets. 3. The water droplets form clouds. The wind moves the clouds over the land. 4. Water from clouds falls as rain, hail or snow. It falls into the rivers
and goes into the seas and oceans.
5. Some rain is collected in the ground as groundwater and forms aquifers.
12
52
fifty-twoCompare the pictures. Circle the correct description.
Air has / doesn’t have its own Air has / doesn’t have shape or volume. weight.
Air has no colour or smell. It cannot be seen; it is . Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.
The atmosphere is the layer of gases inside the Earth.
We could not breathe in the upper part of the atmosphere.
Rain and wind are produced in the lower part of the atmosphere. The upper part of the atmosphere contains a lot of oxygen.
Where in the atmosphere would you see these things? Write upper part or lower part.
4
5
6
Use the key to colour the chart showing the composition of air.
Complete the sentences about the gases in air.
a. is the most abundant gas in air.
b. is the second most abundant gas in air. c. is a very small part of air.
What is air used for? Write the numbers on the picture.