Segundo elemento básico del Contrato de Agencia

6202

7-91. Breaching tenets are characteristics common to successful breaching operations. The tenets apply 6203

whenever a unit encounters an obstacle. Whether friendly forces are conducting an attack or conducting 6204

route or area clearance operations, they follow these breaching tenets:

6205

 Intelligence.

6206

 Breaching fundamentals.

6207

 Breaching organization.

6208

7-92. It is critical to determine how the enemy applies obstacles to the terrain. The commander and staff 6212

conduct IPB to develop an initial situation template with expected obstacle locations. Intelligence gathered 6213

by reconnaissance is essential to developing a finalized situation template and final point of breach 6214

locations. Unverified enemy situation templates might cause friendly forces to deploy to reduce obstacles 6215

early, waste mission time attempting to locate nonexistent obstacles, develop COAs using ineffective 6216

obstacle reduction methods, or become surprised by an obstacle. Engineer teams can augment 6217

reconnaissance forces as part of the overall information collection plan. Examples of OBSTINTEL 6218

requirements include:

6219

 Location of existing or reinforcing obstacles.

6220

 Orientation and depth of obstacles.

6221

 Soil conditions (determines ability to use mine plows).

6222

 Lanes or bypass locations.

6223

 Composition of minefields (buried or surface laid antitank and antipersonnel mines . 6224

 Types of mines and fuses (determines effectiveness of mechanical or explosive reduction 6225

techniques).

6226

 Composition of complex obstacles.

6227

 Suspected intent of obstacle.

6228

 Location of direct- and indirect-fire systems overwatching obstacle.

6229

B

REACHING

F

UNDAMENTALS 6230

7-93. Successful obstacle breaching depends on the CAB effectively applying the breaching fundamentals 6231

of SOSRA. Deliberate, hasty (includes instride), and covert are the three general types of breaching 6232

operations. (Refer to FM 3-34.22 for more information.) Breaching fundamentals always apply; however, 6233

they must adapt to the varying factors of METT-TC. Breaching fundamentals include:

6234

 Suppression. Units use direct and indirect suppressive fires to protect friendly forces reducing 6235

and maneuvering through an obstacle. Typically, successful suppression initiates the rest of the 6236

actions at the obstacle.

6237

 Obscuration. Obscuration degrades enemy observation and target acquisition by enemy forces 6238

while concealing friendly force reduction and assault activities. Obscuration planning factors 6239

include wind direction, type of obscuration systems available (mechanical smoke, artillery-6240

delivered, mortar-delivered, smoke pots), and the capabilities and limitations of these systems.

6241

Typically, the most effective placement of obscuration is between the obstacle and the 6242

overwatching enemy forces.

6243

 Secure. Friendly forces secure the point of breach to prevent enemy forces from interfering with 6244

the reduction of lanes and passage of assault forces. The CAB must provide the breach force 6245

with sufficient combat power to secure the point of breach.

6246

 Reduction. The creation of lanes through an obstacle is reduction. Units cannot accomplish 6247

reduction until they achieve effective suppression and obscuration, and secure the point of 6248

breach. The breach force reduces, proofs, and marks the required number of lanes to pass the 6249

assault force through the obstacle. Follow-on forces will continue to improve and reduce the 6250

obstacle when required.

6251

 Assault. The assault force’s primary mission is to seize terrain on the far side of the obstacle to 6252

prevent the enemy from placing or observing direct and indirect fires on the reduction area.

6253

B

REACHING

O

RGANIZATION 6254

7-94. Commanders develop COAs that organize friendly forces into a support force, a breach force, and an 6255

assault force to quickly and effectively execute the breach fundamentals. (See Table 7-1.) 6256

 Support force responsibilities are to isolate the reduction area with direct and indirect fires, 6257

suppress enemy direct and indirect fire at the point of breach, and control obscuration.

6258

 The breach force must have sufficient combat power to secure the point of breach as well as 6259

sufficient reduction assets to clear the required number of lanes through the obstacle. Critial fire 6260

zones should be activated at the point of breach before commitment of the breach force to 6261

protect it from enemy indirect fires.

6262

 The assault force’s primary mission is the destruction of enemy forces and the seizure of terrain 6263

on the far side of the obstacle to prevent the enemy from placing direct fires on the breach lanes.

6264

Table 7-1. Breaching organization 6265

Breaching

Organization Breaching Fundamentals Responsibilities Support Force Suppress.

Obscure.

Support by fire.

Suppress enemy with direct and indirect fires.

Control obscuration (on the enemy) and screening obscuration (on the friendly movement).

Breach Force Suppress (provides additional suppression).

Obscure (provides additional obscuration in the reduction area.) Secure (provides local security).

Reduce.

Confirm / Deny suspected bypass(es) near point of breach

Establish near-side security.

Reduce the obstacle.

Proof and mark lanes or bypasses.

Establish far-side security.

Defeat forces that can place immediate direct fires on the reduction area.

Report the lane status and location.

Assault Force Assault.

Suppress (if necessary).

Assist the support force with suppression if the enemy is not effectively suppressed.

Secure the far side of an obstacle.

Destroy any enemy forces capable of placing direct fires on the reduction area from the far side of an obstacle.

Be prepared to breach follow-on and protective obstacles after passing through the reduction area.

M

ASS 6266

7-95. The support force achieves mass by fixing and isolating enemy forces on the far side of the obstacle.

6267

The assault force achieves mass by projecting a 3:1 combat power ratio at the point of penetration 6268

(typically one isolated enemy platoon in an enemy company-sized defense for a CAB breach). The breach 6269

force achieves mass by planning 50 percent redundancy of breach assets, creating one vehicle lane per each 6270

assaulting company-sized element, and creating two lanes separated by 800 to 1000 meters (terrain 6271

dependent) to pass the CAB.

6272

S

YNCHRONIZATION 6273

7-96. Synchronization of all combined arms elements to successfully achieve the breach fundamentals is 6274

essential. Commanders achieve synchronization through detailed reverse planning of offensive operations 6275

(from the objective back to the assembly area) by issuing clear subordinate unit instructions, planning 6276

effective mission command, and ensuring their forces are well rehearsed. Detailed reverse planning is 6277

initiated during IPB and development of the enemy SITTEMP. The scheme of maneuver, engineer 6278

operations, fires, air defense, and actions at the obstacle are all based on this common SITTEMP. For 6279

example, the planning should consider the following:

6280

 Actions on the objective determine the size and composition of the assault force based on 6281

desired 3:1 combat power ratio.

6282

 The size of the assault force determines the number and location of breach lanes required.

6283

 Lane requirements, and disposition and composition of the obstacles, determine the mobility 6284

asset requirement of the breach force.

6285

 The enemy’s ability to interfere with the breach force at the point of breach determines size and 6286

composition of the security element within the breach force.

6287

 The enemy’s ability to mass fires on the point of breach determines the amount of suppression 6288

required as well as the size and composition of the breach force.

6289

7-97. Reverse planning begins with actions on the objective and continues to its deployment from tactical 6290

assembly areas to identify all mobility requirements. Reverse planning should include enemy special 6291

munitions capabilities and effects. (See Figure 7-5.) 6292

6293

Figure 7-5. Breach reverse-planning sequence 6294

In document TRIBUNAL DE ARBITRAMENTO DISTRIBUIDORA BERNAL MÉNDEZ Y COMPAÑÍA LIMITADA PARA SOLUCIONAR LAS DIFERENCIAS SURGIDAS CON BAVARIA S.A. (página 77-115)