“MI FAMILIA, MI VECINDAD Y MI ESCUELA”
6. Soy un ser vivo
31.
Liu Bainian, San An Ouanii (The Complete Collection of
the Three Monasteries), Tianjin: n. p. , 1931, p.24.
These generational groups were in addition to the
existing twenty-four which had been created in the
eighteenth century by the boatmen's associations.
32.
Liu Bainian, pp50 -54.
33.
Liu Bainian, p.21.
34.
Wu Choupeng, "Douliu yu nongcun jingji shidai de Xuhai
geshu (The tarrying of the Xu-Hai region in the period
of the village economy)", in Feng Hefa, ed., Zhonqquo
Nongcun Jingji Ziliao (Materials on the Rural Economy of
China), Shanghai: Liming, 1935, pp330-361.
35.
Hu Zhusheng, p.114, 116; Watanabe, pp803-805, 811-812;
Chen Bingzhi, Kuai Mingsun, and Wang Bingjun, "Yangzhou
Xu Baoshan pianduan (A fragment on Xu Baoshan of
Yangzhou) in Jiangsu Wenshi Ziliao Xuanii (Selections of
Historical and Literary Materials on Jiangsu),
1
(1981):40-44; Zhu Fugui and Xu Fengyi, Yangzhou Shihua
(An Historical Account of Yangzhou), Yangzhou: Jiangsu
Guji Chubanshe, 1985, ppl87-189.
36.
Hu Zhusheng, p.112; Watanabe, p.804
37.
The following eleven Green Gang manuals have been
consulted for the purposes of the present work:
1. Chang Shengzhao, Anqin Xitonqlu (A Genealogy of the
Green Gang), N.P.: n.p., 1935;
2. Chen Guoping, Oingmen Kaovuan (The Origins of the
Green Gang), Shanghai: Lianyi chubanshe, 1946;
3. Daovi Zhinan (A Guide to the Neglected Way), N.P.:
n.p., 1921;
4. Geng Yuying, Anqing Shiiian (A History of the Anqing
Bang), N.P.: n.p., 1934;
5. Liu Bainian, San'An Ouanii (The Complete Collection
of the Three Monasteries), Tianjin: n.p., 1931;
6. Tianjing Diaosou (pseud.), Oinqpu Jivao (Essential
Aspects of the Genealogy of the Green Gang), Chengdu:
Chongyi Wuxueshe, 1932;
7. Sun Yuemin, Jiali Baoiian (A Precious Guide to Those
in the Family), Shenyang: Zhongguo Sanli Shushe, 1946;
8. Grand Master Wei, Bang: Zhongguo Banqhui: Qing, Hong,
Hanliu (Gangs: Chinese Secret Societies; the Green and
Red Gangs, and the Han Remnants), Chongqing: Shuowen
She, 1949;
9. Xie Tianmin, Linii San'An Shi (A History of the Three
Monasteries of the Linji Sect), N.P.: Zhongzheng Tang,
58 1935;
10.
Zhang Shusheng, Tonqcao Jivao (The Essentials of the
Anqing Bang along the Grand Canal), N.P.: n.p., n.d.;
11.
Zhang Zhenyuan, Daovi Zhenqsonq ( The Orthodox Sect
of Truth and Proper Relationships), Beiping: n.p.,
1940. 38. Among the most important of these general histories areCai Shaoqing, ibid.; Shuai Xuefu, Zhonqquo Banqhui Shi (A History of Chinese Secret Societies), Hong Kong: Xiandai Chubanshe, [1970]; and Ikemoto Yoshio, Chuqoku Kindai Himitsu Kessha Ko (An Investigation of Secret Societies in Modern China), Nagoya: Saika Shorin, 1973.
39. Xu Zhucheng, Du Yueshenq Zhenqzhuan (A True Biography of
Du Yuesheng), Hangzhou: Zhejiang Renmin Chubanshe, 1983, p.13; Cai Shaoqing, p.86-87; Zhu Zijia, Huanqpu Jiang de Zhuolanq (The Turbid Waters of the Huangpu R i v e r ) , Hong Kong: Wuxing Jishu Baoshe, 1964, p.50.
40. Shuai Xuefu, ppl54-157; Wang Yangqing, "Shanghai
Qinghong Bang gaishu (An outline of the Green and Red Gangs in Shanghai), Shehui Kexue (Social Sciences), 5 (May 1982):63. The twenty-four generations of the Green Gang were: the "Qing"; "Jing"; "Dao"; "De"; "Wen";
"Cheng"; "Fo"; "Fa"; "Ren"; "Lun"; "Zhi"; "Hui"; "Ben"; "Lai"; "Zi"; "Xin"; "Yuan"; "Ming"; "Xing"; "Li"; "Da"; "Tong"; "Wu"; "Xue" or "Jue".
41.
Shuai Xuefu,
ppl54-157;Liu Lianke,
pp74-75.42.
Wang Ziehen, "Wo suo zhidao de Qing Hong Bang zai
Tianjin de huodong (What I knew of the activities of the
Green and Red Gangs in Tianjin)", Tianjin Wenshi Ziliao
Xuanii (Selections of Historical and Literary Materials
for Tianjin),
24 ( 1983):206-219 .43. Fan Songfu, (1980):154. Details concerning the
activities of Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin, their relations with
Green Gang groups in northern Zhejiang, and the
activities of the Datong School can be found in Mary Backus Rankin, Early Chinese Revolutionaries: Radical
Intellectuals in Shanghai and Chekiang, 1902-1911,
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University P r e s s , 1971, ppl36- 139, 164-167.
44. Zhang Shusheng, diagrams 1-6, pp52-63; Liu Zhenyuan,
p.48, 147-152; "The rise and growth of the 'Ch'ing Pang'", The People's T ribune, 7 (NS): 3 (1 August
1934):117.
45. Fan Songfu, p.153; Wang Yangqing, p.64; Qing Bang ii Oi Y i ' an (The Green Gang and its Mystery), N.P.: n.p., n.d., p .37.
47. Jin Laofo, San Jiao Jiu Liu Jianqhu Mimi Guizhu (The Rules and Regulations of the Secret Societies Which Follow the Three Doctrines and the Nine Schools), Shanghai: Datong Tushu Chubanshe, n.d., reprinted in the
series Miniian Mimi Jieshe vu Zonaiiao Conqshu
(Collection on Popular Associations and Religions),
Hebei: Hebei Renmin Chubanshe, 1990, pp52-54; Xie
Tianmin, pp53-62; Jiang Hao, pp56-57; Zhang Zhenyuan, pp77-117.
48. Jin Laofo, op.cit.; Jiang Hao, pp57-59; Ikemoto Yoshio,
pp265-284; Zhang Zhenyuan, ppl27-138; Xie Tianmin, pp27- 36.
49. Hinton, pp80-84; Chen Rongguang, Lao Shanghai (Old
Shanghai), 3 vols, Shanghai: Taidong Tushu Ju, 1919, V.l, p.181.
50. Albert Feuerwerker, China's Industrialisation: Shena
Hsuan-huai (1844-1916) and Mandarin E n t e rprise. New York: Atheneum, 1970, ppl57-158.
51. Hu Zhusheng, p.117.
52. Luo Zhiru, Tonaii Biao zhonq zhi Shanghai (Shanghai In
Statistics), Nanjing: Guoli Zhongyang Yanjiu Yuan
[Academia Sinica], 1932, p.21, table 29. The figures
given by Luo are as follows:
(a) The whole of Shanghai
1910 1,185,859
1930 3,112,250
(b) The International Settlement
1895 245,679
1910 501,541
1930 1,007,868
(c) The French Concession
1895 52,188 1915 149,000 1930 434,807 53. Ibid., p.27, table 43. 54. Chen Guoping, pp.281-313. 55. Wang Yangqing, p.64.
56. Zhu Bangxing et a l . , Shanghai Chanve vu Shanghai Zhiqonq (Enterprises and Workers in Shanghai), Shanghai, Renmin Chubanshe, 1984, [reprint of 1939 edition], passim; Liu Hongsheng Oive Shiliao (Historical Materials ;j on the Enterprises of Liu Hongsheng), ed. by Shanghai/'ICexue Yuan Jingji Yanjiu Suo (The Economic Research Institute of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences), 3 vols,
60