7. Propuesta de servicios de extensión
7.2 Servicio para población Adultos cabeza de hogar
11. Write the IUPAC name of the following:
H H
CH 3 H H Br
[AI SetII 2011, AI SetIII 2012]
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 OR 3 MARKS) 12. Which compound in each of the following pairs will react
faster in S N 2 reaction with –OH? Why?
(i) CH 3 Br or CH 3 I
(ii) (CH 3 ) 3 CCl or CH 3 Cl. [AI 2008]
13. Explain as to why haloarenes are much less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions?
[Delhi 2008]
14. (i) Why is it that haloalkanes are more reactive than haloarenes towards nucleophiles?
(ii) Which one of the following reacts faster in S N 1 reaction?
Why?
Cl
or
Cl
[Delhi 2008, AI 2008]
15. Account for the following :
(i) Cl
reacts faster than Cl
(ii) The treatment of an alkyl chloride with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of an alcohol whereas in the presence of alcoholic KOH, alkene is the major product.
[AI 2008]
16. (a) Suggest a mechanism for the reaction nBuBr + KCN C H OH, H O 2 5 2
nBuCN
(b) Describe carbylamine reaction. [AI 2008, 2009]
17. Which one in the following pairs of substances undergoes S N 2 substitution reaction faster and why?
(i) CH Cl 2 or Cl
(ii) I or Cl [AI 2009]
18. Which one of the following pairs undergoes S N 1 substitution reaction faster and why?
(i) C Cl
or
Cl
(ii) or
Cl
Cl [AI 2009]
19. Complete the following reaction equations:
(i)
CH 3 + HI
(ii) CH CH CH CH + HBr 3 2 2 [AI 2009]
20. Suggest a possible reason for the following observation:
(i) The order of reactivity of haloalkanes is RI > RBr > RCl.
(ii) Neopentyl chloride (CH 3 ) 3 CCH 2 Cl does not follow S N 2
mechanism. [AI 2009]
21. Give reason for the following observations :
(i) pdichlorobenzene has higher melting point than those of oand misomers.
(ii) Haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reaction.
(iii) The treatment of alkyl chloride with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohol but in the presence of alcoholic KOH, alkenes is the major product.
[AI 2009]
22. (i) State one use each of DDT and iodoform.
(ii) Which compound in the following couples will react faster in S N 2 displacement and why?
(a) 1Bromopentane or 2bromopentane.
(b) 1Bromo2methylbutane or 2bromo2methylbutance.
[AI 2009]
23. How are the following conversions carried out?
(i) Benzyl chloride to benzyl alcohol.
(ii) Methyl magnesium bromide to 2methylpropan 2ol.
[AI 2010]
24. How would you differentiate between S N 1 and S N 2 mechanisms of substitution reaction ? Give one example of each.
[AI 2010]
25. An optically active compound having molecular formula C 7 H 15 Br reacts with aqueous KOH to give a racemic mixture of products. Write the mechanism involved for this reaction.
[AI 2010]
26. (a) Which of the following two compounds would react faster by S N 2 path way : 1br omobutan e or 2bromobutane and why?
(b) Allyl chloride is more reactive than npropyl chloride towards nucleophilic substitution reaction. Explain why?
(c) Haloalkanes react with KCN to give alkyl cyanide as main product while with AgCN they form isocyanide as main product. Give reason. [AI 2010]
27. (a) Which will have higher boiling point?
1chloroethane or 2methyl2chlorobutane. Give reasons.
(b) pn itr o ch lor oben zen e un dergoes n ucleoph ilic substitution faster than chlorobenene. Explain giving the resonating structure as well. [AI 2010]
28. Answer the following:
(i) Haloalkanes easily dissolve in organic solvents, why?
(ii) What is known as a racemic mixture? Give an example.
(iii) Of the two bromoderivatives, C 6 H 5 CH(CH 3 )Br and C 6 H 5 CH(C 6 H 5 )Br, which one is more reactive in S N l substitution reaction and why? [Delhi SetI 2011]
29. Rearrange the compounds of each of the following sets in order of reactivity towards S N 2 displacement:
(i) 2Bromo2methyl butane, 1Bromopentane, 2Bromopentane
(ii) 1Bromo3methyl butane, 2Bromo2methyl butane, 3bromo2methyl butane
(iii) 1Bromobutane, 1Bromo2, 2dimethyl propane, 1Bromo2methyl butane [AI SetI 2011]
30. Compute the following reaction equations:
(i)
CH 3
+ HI
(ii) H
H
+ HBr H
(iii) CH 3 CH 2 CH CH 2 + HBr ® [Foreign SetI 2011 1]
31. Although chlorine is an electron withdrawing group, yet it is orthoparadirecting in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Explain why it is so? [Delhi SetI 2012]
32. Answer the following questions:
(i) What is meant by chirality of a compound? Give an example.
(ii) Which one of the following compounds is more easily hydrolysed by KOH and why?
CH 3 CHClCH 2 CH 3 or CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Cl
(iii) Which one undergoes S N 2 substitution reaction faster and why?
I Cl
or
[AI SetI 2012]
1. The structure of 4chloropentan2one is CH CH CH C CH 3 2 3
O Cl
2. (a) 2Bromo2methyl pent3ene.
(b) CH CH CH CH + HBr 3 2 2 Peroxide Anti
Markownikoff's addition
CH CH CH CH Br 3 2 2 2 lBromobutane
3. CH CH CHCH 3 2 3 Cl
hydrolyses easily with KOH because it is
secondary halide.
4. (a) In case of alkyl halides, 3° alkyl halides undergo S N 1 reaction very fast.
Cl
will undergo S N 1 reaction faster. .
(b) Benzylic halide shows high reactivity towards the S N 1 reaction because carbocation is more stable.
CH Cl 2
will undergo S N 1 reaction faster. .
5. CH C CH Br 3 2
CH 3
CH 3
1Bromo2,2dimethylpropane
6. CH CH CH Br 2 2
3Bromoproplene
7. 1–Bromopentane is a primary alkyl halide, hence reacts faster in S N 2 displacement than secondary halide 2bromopentane.
8. 2Bromobutane will react faster in S N l displacement reaction because it will form more stable secondary carbocation intermediate.
9. CH C – CH Br 2 2 CH 3
3Bromo2methylpropene 10. CH – CH – CH – C CH 2 2
Br Br
11.
H H
CH 3 H H
Br
3bromo2methylpropene
12. (i) Since I – ion is a better leaving group than Br – ion therefore CH 3 I reacts faster than CH 3 Br in S N 2 reaction with OH – ion.
(ii) On steric grounds 1° alkyl halides are more reactive than tertalkyl halides in S N 2 reaction. Therefore CH 3 I will react at a faster rate than (CH 3 ) 3 CCl in a S N 2 reaction with OH – ion.
13. Haloarenes are much less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the following reasons.
(i) Resonance effect : In haloarenes the electron pairs on halogen atom are in conjugation with pelectrons of the ring and the following resonating structures are possible.
Cl + Cl + Cl + Cl
–
– –
C – Cl bond acquires a partial double bond character due to resonance. As a result, the bond cleavage in haloarene is difficult than haloalkane and therefore, are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction.
(ii) Difference in hybridisation of carbon atom in C – X bond.
14. (i) Refer Ans. 13.
(ii) Due to greater stability of 2° carbocation over 1°
car bocation ,
Cl
will react faster than
Cl in S N 1 reaction.
15. (i) Tertiary halide Cl
reacts faster than the secondary halide because of the greater stability of tert
carbocation.
(ii) In aqueous solution, KOH is almost completely involved to give OH ion which being a better nucleophile gives a substitution reaction on alkyl halides to form alcohol.
But an alcoholic solution of KOH containing alkoxide (RO – ) ions which being a much stronger base than OH – ion preferentially snatches a H + ion from an alkyl chloride to form alkenes.
16. (a) Normal butyl bromide will give S N 2 reaction.
a n s w e r s
K CN + CH CH CH CH Br + – 3 2 2 d 2
17. (i) CH Cl 2 is primary halide and therefore undergoes S N 2 reaction faster than the secondary halide
Cl.
(ii) As iodide is a better leaving group because of its large size, therefore, I undergoes S N 2 reaction faster than Cl .
18. (i) C Cl
: Tertiary halide reacts faster than secondary halide because of the greater stability of tert carbocation.
(ii) Cl
reacts faster than Cl because of greater stability of secondary carbocation than primary.
19. (i)
CH 3
+ HI CH 3
I
(ii) CH CH CH CH + HBr 3 2 2 CH CH CH CH 3 2 3 Br
20. (i) Among the various halides with same alkyl group the order of reactivity is RI > RBr > RCl.
Due to increasing bond strength of C – I, C – Br and C – Cl the reactivity decreases.
(ii) Neopentyl chloride being a primary halide reacts slowly through S N 1 and the carbon carrying halogen is sterically more hindered. Hence it does not follow S N 2 mechanism.
21. (i) The melting point of pdichlorobenzene is higher than that of oand m isomers. This is because, pisomer has symmetrical structure and therefore, its molecules can easily pack closely in crystal lattice. Hence it has stronger intermolecular force of attraction than oisomers.
(ii) Refer Ans. 13.
(iii) Refer Ans. 15 (ii).
22. (i) DDT is used as an insecticide and iodoform is used as a mild antiseptic.
(ii) (a) 1Bromopentane, as it is a primary alkyl halide.
(b) 1Bromomethylbutane, as it is a primary alkyl halide.
24. In S N 1 mechanism of substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends upon the concentration of only reactant.
It is two steps process in which carbocation is formed.
e.g. (CH ) C Br + OH 3 3 – (CH ) COH + Br 3 3 –
2Bromo2methyl propane
2methyl propan2ol
In S N 2 mechanism of substitution, the rate of reaction depends upon the concentration of both the reactants and reagents. It is a single step process.
OH H Cl
25. Clearly C 7 H 15 Br is a tertiary halide
C H 3 7 C Br + KOH C H 3 7 C OH + KBr
Rear attack C + CH 3 C H 3 7
26. (a) 1bromobutane is 1° alkyl halide while 2bromobutane is 2° alkyl halide. Due to steric hindrance in 2° alkyl halides, 1° alkyl halide will react faster than 2° alkyl halide in S N 2 reaction.
(b) Allyl chloride is more reactive than npropyl chloride towards nucleophilic substitution reaction. Since allyl carbocation is more stable due to resonance.
(c) Cyanide ion is a resonance hybrid of the following two contributing structures.
C N C N
Therefore, either the carbon or the nitrogen atom can act as the electron donor to alkyl halide. (ambident nucleophilies)
In principle, the reaction can occur either through carbon or nitrogen. But in practice the reaction occurs through carbon since C – C bonds are stronger than C– N bonds and hence alkyl cyanide is the chief product
R X + CN CN + R X –
On the other hand, silver cyanide is predominantly covalent, therefore only nitrogen electron pair is available for bond formation. Hence, alkyl isocyanides are the chief products.
R X + AgNC NC + Ag R X
27. (a) The boiling points of isomeric haloalkanes decrease with increase in branching.
Hence boiling point of 1chloroethane is higher than 2methyl2chlorobutane.
(b) The presence of NO 2 group at para positions withdraws electrons from the benzene ring and thus facilitates the attack of the nucleophile on haloarenes. The carbocation thus formed is stabilized by resonance.
Cl
NO 2
Cl +
N
O O
Cl +
N
O O
–
28. (i) Haloalkanes dissolve in organic solvents because the intermolecular attractions between haloalkanes and organic solvent molecules have the same strength as in the separate haloalkanes and solvent molecules.
(ii) An equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers is called racemic mixture. A racemic mixture is optically inactive due to external compensation.
Example: CH CH CH CH 3 2 3
OH
Butan2ol
(iii) Of the two bromo derivatives, C 6 H 5 CH(CH 3 )Br and C 6 H 5 CH(C 6 H 5 )Br, the C 6 H 5 CH(C 6 H 5 )Br is more reactive
than C 6 H 5 (CH 3 )Br for S N 1 reaction because its carbocation is resonance stabilised by two phenyl groups.
29. (i) 1Bromopentane > 2Bromopentane > 2Bromo2
methyl butane.
(ii) 1Bromo3methyl butane > 3Bromo2methyl butane
> 2Bromo2methyl butane
(iii) 1Bromobutan e > 1Br omo2methyl butan e >
1Bromo2,2dimethyl propane 30. (i)
Markownikov's addition Markownikov's
addition HI
+
CH 3 CH 3
I
(ii) Markownikov's
addition Markownikov's
addition HBr
+ H H H
CH CH 3
Br
(iii) CH CH CH CH + HBr 3 2 2
CH CH CH 3 2 CH 3
Markownikov's addition
Br
31.
Cl + Cl
–
Cl
+
–
Cl
+
–
From above resonating structures we can see that electron density is maximum at o/ppositions. Hence halobenzene is o/p directing.
32. (i) An object which has no plane of symmetry (can’t be divided into two identical halves) is called chiral (Greek;
ChiralHand) or dissymmetric or asymmetric. A Chiral object is not superimposable on its mirror image. e.g.
left and right hand of a person are mirror images of each other and are not superimposable.
(ii) CH CH CHCH 3 2 3 Cl
hydrolyses easily with KOH because it
is secondary halide
(iii) As iodide is a better leaving group because of its large size, therefore, I undergoes S N 2 reaction faster than Cl .
JJJ
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK) 1. How would you convert ethanol to ethene? [AI SetI 2011]
2. Draw the structure of 2,6dimethyl phenol. [AI SetII 2011]
3. Give the IUPAC name of the following compound :
CH 3 CH 3
C C CH OH 2
Br [Foreign SetI 2011]
4. Draw the structural formula of 2methylpropan2ol molecule.
[Delhi SetI 2012]
5. Draw the structure of hex1en3ol compound
[Delhi SetIII 2012]
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 OR 3 MARKS) 6. Describe a chemical test each to distinguish between the
following pairs.
(i) Ethanol and phenol.
(ii) 1propanol and 2propanol. [AI 2008]
7. Give reason for the following :
(i) maminophenol is stronger acid than oaminophenol.
(ii) Alcohol acts as weak base. [AI 2008]
8. Give reason for the following :
(i) Propanol has higher boiling point than that of the hydrocarbon butane.
(ii) Preparation of ether by acid dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols is not a suitable method.
[Delhi 2008]
9. Name the reagents and write the chemical equations for the preparation of the following compounds by Williamson’s synthesis :
(i) Ethoxy benzene.
(ii) 2Methyl2methoxy propane.
(iii) Why do phenols not give the protonation reaction
readily? [AI 2008]
10. Complete the following reaction equations:
(i) OH + SOCl 2
(ii) OH
CH OH 2
+ HCl [AI 2009]
11. How are the following conversions carried out?
(i) Benzyl chloride to benzyl alcohol.
(ii) Meth yl magn esium br omide to 2meth yl
propan2ol. [AI 2010]
12. How are the following conversion carried out?
(i) Propene to propan2ol.
(ii) Ethylmagnesium chloride to propan 1ol. [AI 2010]
13. How would you convert the following:
(i) Phenol to benzoquinone.
(ii) Propanone to 2methylpropan2ol.
(iii) Propene to propan2ol. [AI 2010]
14. Explain the following reactions with an example for each:
(i) ReimerTiemnn reaction.
(ii) FriedelCrafts reaction. [Delhi 2010]
15. Explain the following giving one example for each:
(i) ReimerTiemann reaction.
(ii) Friedel Craft’s acetylation of anisole.
[Delhi SetI 2011]
16. How would you obtain
(i) Picric acid (2, 4, 6trinitrophenol) from phenol.
(ii) 2Methyl propene from 2methyl propanol?
[Delhi SetI 2011]
17. How would you obtain the following:
(i) Benzoquinone from phenol
(ii) 2Methyl propan2ol from methyl magnesium bromide (iii) Propan2ol from propene?
[AI SetI 2011, Foreign SetI and II 2011]
18. Draw the structure and name the product formed if the following alcohols are oxidized. Assume that an excess of oxidising agent is used.
(i) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH (ii) 2butenol
(iii) 2methyl1propanol [Delhi SetI 2012]
19. Explain the mechanism of acid catalysed hydration of an alkene to form corresponding alcohol. [AI SetI 2012]
20. Explain the following behaviours:
(i) Alcoh ols ar e mor e soluble in water than th e hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses.
(ii) Orthonitroph en ol is more acidic th an ortho
methoxyphenol. [AI SetI 2012]