SERVICIOS PARA EMPLEADOS 10 SERVICIOS GENERALES.

There was several research which uses chemical treatment on natural fibre before continuation to fabricate composite (Yousif et al., 2012). Kenaf can also be chemically retted, where the kenaf was soaked in an alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Chemical retting was faster than water retting. In this process, it took only several hours for kenaf to be separated. Suhairil et al., (2012) in their research used NaOH to improve tensile properties of kenaf fibres. The fibre was soaked with 3%, 6% and 9% of NaOH for a day and dried at 80°C for 24 hours.

23 From the result obtained, it can be seen that chemical treatment resulted in smaller effects onto the mechanical properties of kenaf fibre. In other word, the results were almost the same as without chemical treatment. The result of kenaf treatment under impact test is as shown in Figure 2.10.

Figure 2.10: The result of kenaf treatment under impact test (Suhairil et al., 2012)

Liao et al., (2016) also proved that chemical treatment did not affect the tensile modulus of composite. In their research, mechanical properties of various kind of surface treatment agent options or combination of glass woven fabric composites were clarified. Initially, glass woven was fabricated using hand lay-up method and was treated by silane coupling, a series of pick-up ratios of polyurethane dispersion (PUD). Figure 2.11 shows the results after treatment which did not provide any significant effects, thus resulting in the same condition as before the treatment.

Furthermore, Edeerozey et al., (2007) mentioned that by using 9% of NaOH, the average unit break decreased and the strength value recorded was lower than the untreated fibre. They concluded that 9% NaOH was too strong and might have damaged the fibres, thus resulting in lower tensile strength. Some of the reported studies (Saiman, 2014 and Hashim, 2016) also mentioned that chemical treatment did not improve mechanical properties of kenaf reinforcement.

Ultim at e T en sil e S tr en g th (M Pa) NaOH Concentration (%)

24

Figure 2.11: Tensile modulus comparison among virgin and treated composites (Liao et al., 2016)

Figure 2.12:Impact strength of untreated, treated, and stretch-treated composite (Saiman, 2014) 20.6 19.5 20.8 19.4 19.7 0 5 10 15 20 25 Non-treat 0.76wt% 1.51wt% 2.27wt% 6.49wt% T en sil e M od u lu s (G P a) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

untreated treated stretch treated

Im p ac t S tr en gt h , k J/m ²

127

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