6. RESULTADOS NUMÉRICOS E INTERPRETACIONES FÍSICAS
6.2 Simulación de un perfil sustentador a través del software ANSYS
50 mm 62 mm 75 mm 100 mm
EI 180 EI 240 EI 240 EI 240 3 Wooden frame wall with the 100 mm thick outside covering layer by brick,
calcined clay block, concrete or sand – lime plastered inside by the 16 mm thick gypsum on steel plate
75 mm EI 180
75 mm EI 180 4 Wooden frame wall with outside covering layer by overlapped edge slabs
9.5 mm thick plywood (a) and lined inside with:
a) The 16 mm thick gypsum render on steel plate
b) The 9.5 mm thick finishing slab plastered by the 12.5 mm thick gypsum render
c) The 12.5 mm thick finishing slab plastered by the 5 mm thick gypsum render
d) The 50 mm thick rice husk plate
e) Aerated concrete block has thickness of:
50 mm 62 mm 75 mm 100 mm
EI 30 EI 30
EI 30
EI 30
EI 180 EI 240 EI 240 EI 240 NOTE: (a) Must consider the presence of the blocking parts can be flammable in the thickness part of these structures which do not contribute to their fire-resistance capacity.
F.2. Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Beam
Table F4 - Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Beam
The minimum dimension of concrete part (mm) for fire-resistance limit
No. Features
R240 R180 R120 R90 R60 R30 1 Aggregate concrete – Silica origin
a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for load-bearing reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
65(a)
280
55(a)
240
45(a)
180
35
140
25
110
15
80 2 Aggregate concrete – Silica origin with
the 15 mm thick cement or gypsum
render on slender steel wire.
a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for load-bearing reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
50(a) 3 Aggregate concrete – Silica origin with
the 15 mm thick vermiculite / gypsum render
a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for load-bearing reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
25 4 Light aggregate concrete
a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for load-bearing reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
50 NOTE: (a) may have to add extra reinforcement to keep the protective concrete layer
(b) vermiculite / gypsum must have mixture ratio by volume is between 1 ½to 2:1
F.3. Pre-stressed Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Beam
Table F5 – Pre-stressed Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Beam
The minimum dimension of concrete part (mm) for fire-resistance limit
No. Features
R240 R180 R120 R90 R60 R30
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
1 Aggregate concrete – Silica origin a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for pre-stressed reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
100(a)
concrete forms used as fixed apron.
a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for pre-stressed reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
75(a) concrete forms used as fixed apron.
a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for pre-stressed reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
65
with the 15 mm thick gypsum render on slender steel wire.
a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for pre-stressed reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
90(a) protective concrete layer for pre-stressed reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
75(a) protective concrete layer for pre-stressed reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
50 7 Light aggregate concrete
a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for
pre-80 65 50 40 30 20
stressed reinforcement
b) The width of beam section
250 200 160 130 100 80
NOTE: (a) may have to add extra reinforcement to keep the protective concrete layer (b) vermiculite / gypsum must have mixture ratio by volume is between 1 ½to 2:1
F.4. Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Column
Table F6 - Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Column (Contacted With Fire In 4 Sides)
The minimum dimension of concrete part (mm) for fire-resistance limit
No. Features
R240 R180 R120 R90 R60 R30
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
1 Aggregate concrete – Silica origin a) No supplemental protection method
b) With the 15 mm thick cement or gypsum render on slender steel wire.
c) With vermiculite / gypsum render
450 300
275
400 275
225
300 225
200
250 150
150
200 150
120
150 150
120 2 Aggregate concrete – Silica origin or
lime
With auxiliary reinforcement inside
protective concrete layer 300 275 225 200 190 150
3 Light aggregate concrete 300 275 225 200 190 150
NOTE: (a) may have to add extra reinforcement to keep the protective concrete layer (b) vermiculite / gypsum must have mixture ratio by volume is between 1 ½to 2:1
Table F7 - Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Column (Contacted With Fire In 1 Side)
The minimum dimension of concrete part (mm) for fire-resistance limit
No. Features
R240 R180 R120 R90 R60 R30
1 Aggregate concrete – Silica origin a) No supplemental protection method
b) With the 15 mm thick vermiculite / gypsum (a) render on contact
NOTE: (a) vermiculite / gypsum must have mixture ratio by volume is between 1 ½to 2:1
F.5. Structural Steel
Table F8 - Steel Column With The Protection Coating Layers (Weight Per Linear Meter Is Not Less Than 45 Kg)
The minimum thickness of the coating layer (mm) for fire-resistance limit
No. Structure and coating material
R240 R180 R120 R90 R60 R30
a) Non load-bearing concrete with reinforcement
b) Load-bearing concrete with reinforcement
2 Solid block by the pumice concrete or foamed slag concrete are reinforced (b) at all of the horizontal joints, no render vermiculite or perlite gypsum with the thickness of
b) Steel plate with 25mm space from the edge, rendering layer with vermiculite or perlite gypsum with the thickness of
a) The 9.5mm thick finishing slab to render by gypsum with the thickness of:
b) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by gypsum with the thickness of:
a) The 9.5mm thick finishing slab to render by vermiculite gypsum with the thickness of:
b) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by vermiculite gypsum with the thickness of: rendering layer. The thickness is:
63 - 25 25 25 25
NOTE: (a) The solid coating layer means an outside coat is fastened into steel, not create the gap between contact surface and all coupled circuits inside that coat is tight and solid.
(b) Reinforced steel must be the tying wire has the thickness is not less than 2.3 mm or a steel wire has unit quantity not less than 0.48kg/m2. The distance between reinforced steel parts, in concrete protection layer, on any dimension not less than 150 mm.
(c) The hollow coating layer means there is a space between protection material and steel.
All hollow protection kinds for column must be sealed effectively at each floor level.
(d) It is necessary to have reinforced slender steel wire with surface space from 12.5 mm to 19 mm except special corner beads are used.
Table F9 - Steel Column With The Protection Coating Layers (Weight Per Linear Meter Is Not Less Than 30 Kg)
The minimum thickness of the coating layer (mm) for fire-resistance limit
No. Structure and coating material
R240 R180 R120 R90 R60 R30
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
A The solid coating layer (a) (no render)
1
Concrete with the natural aggregate with mix with cement not less than 1:2:4
a) Non load-bearing concrete with reinforcement (b) lime with the thickness of
b) Rendering layer with the gypsum with the thickness of
c) Rendering layer with vermiculite or perlite gypsum with the thickness of
2 Finishing slab with gypsum bound by the 1.6mm thick steel thread, 100mm space:
a) The 9.5mm thick finishing slab to render by gypsum with the thickness of:
b) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by gypsum with the thickness of: fixed to the wooden frame by nail, to render by gypsum with the thickness of:
b) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by vermiculite gypsum with the thickness of:
c) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by vermiculite gypsum with the thickness of:
d) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by gypsum with the thickness of: ratio 4:1reinforced by steel and rendering layer. The thickness is:
63 - 25 25 25 25
5 Rendering with gypsum and sand;
12.5mm thickness to the reinforced wooden textile panel with the thickness of:
- - 50 38 38 38
NOTE: (a) The solid coating layer means an outside coat is fastened into steel, not create the gap between contact surface and all coupled circuits inside that coat is tight and solid.
(b) Reinforced steel must be the tying wire has the thickness is not less than 2.3 mm or a steel wire has unit quantity not less than 0.48kg/m2. The distance between reinforced steel parts, in concrete protection layer, on any dimension not less than 150 mm.
(c) The hollow coating layer means there is a space between protection material and steel.
All hollow protection kinds for column must be sealed effectively at each floor level.
F.6. Structural Aluminum
Table F10 - Alum Column And Beam With The Protection Coating Layers (Weight Per Linear Meter Is Not Less Than 16 Kg)
Minimum thickness of the coating layer (mm) for fire-resistance limit
No. Structure and coating material
R240 R180 R120 R90 R60 R30
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
A The solid coating layer (a) (no render)
1 Vermiculite and cement coating layer with the thickness of:
- - - - 44 19
B The hollow coating layer(b)
1 Steel plate, rendering layer with vermiculite or perlite gypsum with the thickness of
- - 32 22 16 12.5
2 Steel plate, rendering layer with fine gypsum with the thickness of
- - - - 19 12.5
3 Finishing slab with gypsum bound by the 1.6mm thick steel thread, 100mm space to render by vermiculite gypsum with the thickness of:
- - 22 16 10 10
NOTE: (a) The solid coating layer means an outside coat is fastened into steel, not create the gap between contact surface and all coupled circuits inside that coat is tight and solid.
(b) The hollow coating layer means there is a space between protection material and steel.
All hollow protection kinds for column must be sealed effectively at each floor level.
F.7. Floor Structure
Table F11 – Wooden Floor
Minimum thickness of the protection layer (mm) to ensure fire-resistance limit
No. Structure and material
REI 60 REI 30
(1) (2) (3) (4)
A Floor tile having flush joining edge fixed into timber beams which have their width not smaller than 38mm, the under face is
1 Timber strip and rendering whose thickness is - 16,0
2 Timber strip and rendering whose minimum thickness is 16mm, the under face is covered with finishing sheet whose thickness is
- 12,5
3 Steel lath and rendering with a) Plaster whose thickness is b) Vermiculite whose thickness is
-16,0 12,5
4 A finishing sheet whose thickness is - 12,5
5 A finishing sheet whose thickness is 9,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is
- 12,5
6 A finishing sheet whose thickness is 12,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is
- 12,5
7 Two finishing sheets whose total thickness is - 25,0
8 A thermal insulation fiber sheet whose minimum thickness is 9,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is
- 5,0
9 A thermal insulation fiber sheet whose minimum thickness is 12,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is
- 12,5
10 Timber fiber sheet whose thickness is 25mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is
- 5,0
B Floor tile having joining edge of male and female type whose thickness (a) is not smaller than 16mm (finishing
thickness), and fixed into timber beams which have their width not smaller than 38mm, the under face is
1 Timber strip and rendering whose thickness is - 16,0
2 Timber strip and rendering whose minimum thickness is 16mm, the under face is covered with finishing sheet whose thickness is
- 9,5
3 Steel lath and rendering with a) Plaster whose thickness is b) Vermiculite whose thickness is
22,0 12,5
16,0 12,5
4 A finishing sheet whose thickness is - 9,5
5 A finishing sheet whose minimum thickness is 9,5mm, rendering with
a) Plaster whose thickness is b) Vermiculite whose thickness is
-12,5
12,5 -6 A finishing sheet whose thickness is 12,5mm, plaster
rendering whose thickness is
- 5,0
7 Two finishing sheets whose total thickness is - 22,0
8 A finishing sheet whose minimum thickness is 9,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is
- 5,0
9 Timber fiber sheet whose thickness is 25mm, rendering with:
a) Plaster whose thickness is b) Vermiculite whose thickness is
-10,0
5,0 -C Floor tile having joining edge of male and female type
whose thickness (a) is not smaller than 21mm (finishing thickness), and fixed into timber beams which have their section (height x width) not smaller than 175mm x 50mm, the under face is
1 Timber strip and rendering whose thickness is - 16,0
2 Steel lath and rendering thickness is - 16,0
3 A finishing sheet whose thickness is - 9,5 4 A finishing sheet whose minimum thickness is 9,5mm,
rendering with
a) Plaster whose thickness is b) Vermiculite whose thickness is
6 Two finishing sheets whose total thickness is - 19,0
7 A thermal insulation fiber sheet whose thickness is - 12,5 8 A thermal insulation fiber sheet whose minimum thickness
is 12,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness í
- 12,5
9 Timber fiber sheet whose thickness is 25mm, rendering with:
a) Plaster whose thickness is b) Vermiculite whose thickness is
-10,0
5,0
-Table F12 – Reinforced concrete floor (Silica or limestone aggregate)
The smallest size (mm) to ensure the fire-resistance rating
1 Solid floor slab
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) Overall height (a) of the section
25
width. There must be no less than 50% of the total area of cross section of slab is solid material.
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete 25 25 20 20 15 15
b) The thickness of bottom flange c) Overall height (a) of the section
50
compartment with width greater than height a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of bottom flange
c) Overall height (a) of the section
25
is inserted by the calcined clay block, or inversed T section with the hollow box is inserted with concrete block or calcined clay block. If floor has not exceed 50% of the total area of cross section of slab is solid material, which is must be covered with a plaster of 15 mm thick on the under surface.
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) Width or stiffening rib or underbeam.
c) Overall height (a) of the section
25 5 T-shaped stiffening rib
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side
face
c) The width of rib or T-shaped foot d) The thickness of flange
65(b)
radius at the intersection of bottom flange with top of rib not greater than the thickness of section.
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side
face
c) The width of rib or U-shaped foot d) The thickness of top flange
65(b)
7 Stiffening rib with inversed U section and curve radius at the intersection of bottom flange with top of rib greater than the thickness of section.
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side
face
c) The width of rib or U-shaped foot d) The thickness of top flange
65(b) NOTES: (a) can add the thickness of glazes or finish coat by anti-fire material
(b) can have to add the auxiliary reinforcement to keep the covering concrete
Table F13 – Pre-stressed reinforcement concrete floor (Silica or limestone aggregate)
The smallest size (mm) to ensure the fire-resistance rating
1 Solid floor slab
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) Overall height (b) of the section
65(a)
width. There must be no less than 50% of the total area of cross section of slab is solid material
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of bottom flange
c) Overall height (b) of the section
65(a)
compartment with width greater than
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of bottom flange
c) Overall height (b) of the section
65(a)
4 Section with stiffening rib and the hollow box is inserted by the calcined clay block, or beam with inversed T section and the hollow box is inserted with concrete block or calcined clay block. If floor has not exceed 50% of the total area of cross section of slab is solid material, which is must be covered with a plaster of 15 mm thick on the under surface.
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) Width or stiffening rib or underbeam.
c) Overall height (b) of the section
65(a) 5 Stiffening rib with T-shaped section
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side
face
c) The width of rib or T-shaped foot d) The thickness of flange
100(a)
radius at the intersection of bottom flange with top of rib not greater than the thickness of section.
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side
face
c) The width of rib or U-shaped foot d) The thickness of top flange
100(a)
radius at the intersection of bottom flange with top of rib greater than the thickness of section.
a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side
face
c) The width of rib or U-shaped foot d) The thickness of top flange
100(a) NOTES: (a) can add the thickness of glazes or finish coat by anti-fire material
(b) can have to add the auxiliary reinforcement to keep the covering concrete
F.8. Glazing Unit
Table F14 – Glazing unit
The smallest thickness (mm) of glazing unit to ensure the fire-resistance rating No. Structure and material
E 60 E 30
1 Glass, the indirect aggregate with metal which has the melting point not lower than 982.2°C, has square with area no bigger than 0,015m2.
The thickness of glass - 6,35
2 Glass, is reinforced by the squared wire mesh with diameter not less than 0.46 mm, distance from each fiber center of wire mesh should not exceed 12.70mm, intersection position of fiber is done with point welding, or the hexagonal wire mesh with the mesh distances is measured with parallel two-side is 25.4 mm
The thickness of glass - 6,35
3 Glass is reinforced by the squared wire mesh as description in Section 2 of this table, which is installed in door, window, light aperture, dormer and lantern is fixed in a metal frame (fixed barrier) with an area not more than 1.115 m2. The fixing is made by the metal batten, all detailed metal must have a melting point not lower than 982.2°C
The thickness of glass 6,35 6,35
4 Brick or glass block in wall - 98,43
NOTES: In the above table, some positions belong to the fire-resistance columns which are no value that mean glass units as description are not allowed to use that case.
Glass accord with item 1 and 2 in above when is installed in door, window, light aperture,
dormer and lantern is fixed by wooden frame (fixed barrier) with the smallest width and thickness is 44,45 mm without weaking.
The fixing is made by wooden or metal batten or by aggregate of glass and details to keep the corner or clamping with area not exceed 0.372 m2.