I. Japan
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II. USA (Detroit: 30%)
III. West Glerrary (45% of Europe) IV.Canada (Windsor-Detroit of
Canada)
V. Italy (Turin-Detroit of Italy, Milan) E. Paper: First paper industry was estab-lished in China. USA leads in produc-tion of fine paper from grasses
News Print and Pulp: Production Ranking, I Canada II USA III Japan.
Industrial Regions of the World
Industrial regions emerge when a number of industries locate close to each other and share the benefits of their closeness. Major industrial regions of the world are eastern North America, western and central Europe, Eastern Europe and eastern Asia. Major industrial regions tend to be located in the temperate areas, near sea ports and especially near coal fields.
USA
(a) New England Region- The region comprises six states viz. Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. The nucleus of this region is Boston. Major industries in the region are electrical machinery, textiles, engineering, and other metal industries- comprises 15%
of the yearly output of the nation. Huge capital, good communication, export facilities, cheap and skilled labour and vast market are the chief advantages. Major industrial areas are Providence, Bedford, New Haven and Springfield.
(b) North-Eastern Region- In between Lake Superior and Baltimore on Atlantic coast, the region covers one tenth of the area and three-fourth of manufacturing industries and half of the population. Pittsburgh and Cleveland districts known for iron and steel industries; Akron for rubber manufacturing;
New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore districts-for textiles, steel, leather goods and chemical industries; Detroit district (the greatest automobile centre of the world) for automobiles.
(c) Southern Industrial Region- Extends over
a wide area from Texas to North Carolina.
20 per cent of the country’s labour force is engaged in various industries of this region.
Cotton textile, goods, aircrafts, aircraft industry and petroleum refining are important industries. Charlotte, Columbia, August, Atlanta, Knoxville, Chattanooga and Birmingham are important industrial centers.
(d) Pacific coast industrial region- Extends over the states of Washington, Oregon and California along the Pacific coast in the West. About 10% of the country’s labour force is engaged in manufacturing industries of this area. This is the smallest industrial region of the country. Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, San Diego are important industrial centers.
Russia
(a) Moscow-Tula Industrial Region-Moscow, Tula Gorky, Ivanovo and Yaroslava are the chief industrial centres of the region. Iron-steel, heavy chemical, metallurgy, machine tools, textiles, automobiles etc. are the chief industries. Ivanovo is known as the Manchester of Russia. This is the oldest and most important industrial center of the country.
(b) Ural Industrial Region: Stretches from Magnitogorsk to Nizhnitaghil. The development owed much to the huge iron-ore deposits and good communication system. Magnitogorsk in one of the largest steel centres of the world. Mining, metal engineering and chemicals are the most important industries here. Out of eight big industrial centres Magnitogorsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Nizhnitaghil, Orsk, Molotar, are important.
(c) The Volga Region: The development of manufacturing activities is a new pheno-menon in this region. Tartar and Kyubushev oil fields are helping factors for concentration of industries here. Volgograd is the chief centre.
Europe
(a) Ruhr Industrial Region is known as one of the largest industrial region of Europe. The
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large reserve of Ruhr coal and Siegerland iron ore and transportation route through Rhine were the major factor for concentration of number of industries with in an area of less than 50 miles from east to west and 25 mills from north to south.
There are more than dozen of industrial cities with population varying from one lakh to five lakhs. Local large coal deposit, in land waterways, local skill are major factor for industrial conglomerations.
(b) Po valley of North Italy: Textile industries including cotton, rayon and woolen are the most important industries of this plain.
Cotton textiles rank high in Italy’s export trade. Turin, Lombardy, Pia Cenza, Emilia, Bologna and Ravena are major industrial cultures.
Japan
(a) Tokyo-Yokohama (Kwanto Plain): This region accounts for 30% of nation industrial output. Local hydel power, excellent rail connections and abundant supply of labour are the other favorable factors. Tokyo, Yakohama and Kawasaki are important centres.
(b) The Kinki Region (Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto):
Lies at the head of the Osaka Bay. Today this area produces about 30% of country’s pig and steel and 45% of its rolling mill output. The four principal groups of industries of this district are metals, machines and tools, textiles and chemicals.
Ship-building, oil-refries and aircraft factories are also important.
(c) The North-Kyushu Region: The region covers large tracts of Hiroshima, Yamaguci, Okayama and Kitakyushu. The major centers of production in this region are Tokuyama, Kokura, Yawata and Waka-matsu.
China
(a) Manchuria Industrial Region: The factors those were responsible for the growth of this region is agricultural hinterland, good transportation network, skilled labour, local capital and Japanese participation. Iron and steel, machines building, heavy engineering industries were set up in Mukden, Harbin, Fushun and Darten.
Major Industrial Centres
Country Major Industrial Centers Industries
Britain Birmingham Iron & Steel, Heavy Machinery
(Midland is the Coventry Automobile
largest Industrial Burton-on-Trent Brewing (largest brewery town of
region centered Britain)
at Birmingham) Stoke-on-Trent Pottery (Pottery capital of Britain)
New Castle Shipbuilding
Middlesborough Iron & Steel Bradford & Halifax Worsted textile
Leeds Garments
Shefield (World’s largest Cutlery and Iron & Steel cutlery town)
Manchester (Lancashire region) Cotton textile Liverpool & Birkenhead Shipbuilding Along Manchester Canal Heavy chemicals Glasgow
Hamilton Iron & Steel
Motherwell Coatbridge
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Pot Glasgow Shipbuilding
Belfast region (Main industrial Shipbuilding &
region of Ireland) Linen industry
France Lille Textiles
Dunkirus Iron & Steel
St. Etienne Armaments & Bicycle
Limoges Pottery
Lyon Silk making
Marseilles Oil refineries
Paris Champaque Aircraft & Transport Wine
Lorrensar Iron & Steel
Germany Frankfurt Railway engineering
(Ruhr-Westphalia Mainz Leather, Brewing, Engineering
region, served by Mannheim Chemical, electrical engineering, Rhine River, is the Ludwigshafen Iron & Steel.
largest industrial
region of Germany Hamburg Shipbuilding
This industrial Munich Photographic equipment, Musical
region is connected instrument
to North sea by Stuttgart Automobile
Dortmund-Ems Canal) Aachen Iron & Steel, Textile
Leipzig Optical instrument Jena
Zeiss Photographic equipment
Dresden Porcelain
Karl Marx Stadt Textiles
Belgium Liege Iron & Steel, Guns, pistols & other firearms.
Antwerp Diamond cutting
Ghent Linen textiles
Luxemberg Luxemberg city Engineering
Netherland Rotterdam Shipbuilding & marine engineering
Amsterdam Diamond cutting
Arnhem Tin smelting
Sweden Goteborg Shipbuilding
Stock- holm Shipbuilding
Switzerland Zurich Engineering & Textiles
Basel & Baden Engineering
Denmark Copenhagen Dairy
Italy Milan (main industrial region) Silk textile Turin (Detroit of Italy) Motor Car
U.S.A. Boston Shipbuilding
(Great Lake region is Pittsburg (Iron & Steel Iron & Steel the most important capital of the world)
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Industrial region) Akron World’s largest synthetic rubber &
tyre making center
Detroit Motor car & Aeroplane
Pontiac Cars & its spare parts Flint
Gary Iron & Steel
Chicago
Toledo Automobile
Birmingham Iron & Steel
Troy Garment
Buffalo Iron Steel and Machinery (Also the largest Flour milling center of U.S.A)
San Francisco (Silicon Valley) Oil refining, Shipbuilding, Computer technology Los Ange- les (Hollywood) Film & Aircrafts
Canada Montreal Shipbuilding & Aircraft
Toronto Engineering & Automobile
Ottawa Paper
Hamilton (Birmingham Iron & Steel and Engineering of Canada)
Quebec Shipbuilding & Marine engineering Russia Moscow & Gorky Iron & Steel, Chemicals
Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel & Oil refining Leningrad (St. Petersburg) Textile, Chemical, Paper
Ukraine Krivoyrog Iron & Steel and Heavy Machinery
Argentina Buenos Aires Shipbuilding
China Shanghai Textile and Machinery
Wuhan Textile, Machinery, Shipbuilding Iron & Steel Japan Nagoya (Detroit of Japan) Aircraft, Car, Machinery
Osaka (Manchester of Japan) Shipbuil-ding, Textile, Iron & Steel Kyoto & Kobe Shipbuilding, Textile, Iron & Steel,
Tokyo Shipbuilding, Engineering, and Textile
Nagasaki Shipbuilding, Iron & Steel, Machinery
Points to Remember
1. Japan is the leading producer of shipbuilding industry.
2. Some of the important automobile industry of the world are; Volkswagen and Mercedes in Germany, British Leyland in the U.K., Ford and Chrysler and General Motors of the U.S.A, Toyota and Mazda of Japan.
3. The United States is the world's largest locomotive producer; the prominent
industrial units are centered at Detroit, Chicago, New York and Philadelphia.
4. The U.S.A. is the largest producer of planes; the other countries in the descending order are; U.S.S.R, U.K, France, Canada, Italy, Australia and Japan.
5. The chief producers of chemical industry are, U.S.A, West Germany, U.K and Japan.
6. The main petrochemical manufacturing countries are the" U.S.A" , The European
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countries, West Germany, Netherlands, Spain and Britain.
7. Flour milling and meat packing are the important industries of Chicago, Kansa City, Omaha and Mid - West of the U.SA.
8. The "Ruhr-Westphalia" region of Germany is the largest industrial region.
9. Leipzig is famous for optical instrument and Jena for Zeiss photographic equipment .
10. The leading industries in Norway are marine engineering, shipbuilding, fish catching and the pulp and paper industries.
11. The leading industries of Denmark is centered at "Copenhagen" in "Zealand"; it is known for "dairying and agricultural"
industries.
12. Switzerland is highly industrialized and known for watch-making, engineering, chemical and textile industries.
13. The "Lombardy plain" of Italy is the largest industrial region and contain major industrial cities of Milan, Turin, Genoa.
14. In New England, Boston is known for shipbuilding and shoe-making industry.
15. "Pittsburg" of the U.S.A is the "iron and steel capital" of the World.
16. Canada's main industrial region stretches from Lake Peninsula to Montreal.
17. World's largest refinery is located at
"Sarnia", on the Huron shore.
18. The Moscow -Gorki Region is the oldest and the greatest of Soviet industrial region which includes the towns like Moscow, Gorki, Tula and Ivanova.
19. The industrial region of Ukraine is chiefly based on the rich Donetz or Donbas Coalfield and the "Krivoi Rog - Kerch" iron field.
20. Some of the important industrial regions of Japan are: "Keihin region", Tokyo (noted for electrical engineering), Yokohama &
(precision engineering, shipbuilding, oil refining), Kawasaki (marine engineering), Hansin region; Osaka (textile town), Kobe (shipbuilding), Kyoto (craft); Bay region;
Muroran (Iron steel,), Hiroshima (ship-building) etc.
21. "Keylong Valley" of Malaysia is the main industrial region.
22. In Australia, the Coalfield of Sydney, iron and steel industry of New Castle and port Kembla, shipbuilding, chemical, air craft industries of Melbourne; agricultural industries of Adelaide, Locomotive of Brisbane are known