III. Perfil epidemiológico de la población Mapuche residente en la Región de Los Ríos.
3. La población Mapuche de la Región de los Ríos: Antecedentes demográficos y socioeconómicos
4.3. Mortalidad por causas 1 Estructura de la mortalidad
4.3.3. Situaciones específicas
The rigidity of the labour market and the still reduced capacity of the Romanian economy to create new jobs, especially in branches with high added value, contribute to the maintaining of a high unemployment rate. As regards the continuous vocational training for obtaining managerial and entrepreneurial skills, the objective will be to make entrepreneurship a career option for everybody, as an important solution for counterbalancing the negative effects of the structural adjustment and industry restructuring process, generating economic and social alternatives and improving the economic status of a significant number of people.
An important prerequisite for increased competitiveness is the use of modern management systems with emphasis on conceptual human resources management, especially in small and medium enterprises. Under this key area of intervention, ESF operations shall ensure that the managers get the needed knowledge on how to make best use of the opportunities existing on the market, on the success factors that increase business’ competitiveness, management and marketing strategies etc.
The operations will also address the individuals interested in starting up a business as self employed or employers, in providing the necessary information on business environment, opportunities, how to build a business plan, what is the relevant legislation etc.
Indicative operations
− Increasing awareness of and positive attitudes towards entrepreneurial culture; − Implementing programs and innovative services for encouraging entrepreneurship
and developing entrepreneurial culture; − Management skills training, especially for microenterprises and SMEs; − Encouraging entrepreneurship through support services for pre startup businesses. 3.2.3.2. Training and support for enterprises and employees to promote adaptability Increasing the adaptability of the labour force and enterprises is a must, given the process of structural changes ongoing in the Romanian labour market. By ensuring that, the capacity of the labour market to anticipate and absorb the economic and social changes shall be increased. The objective of developing a modern and flexible labour market is in line with the EU priority to improve quality and productivity at work, through the development and upgrade of skills required by modern technologies and addedvalue sectors.
The labour force and companies will have to adapt to new technologies and be in a position to innovate constantly. They will also have to be better prepared to respond to the increasing demand for job quality, both for workers and employers, in terms of new ways of working, enhanced exploitation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), changes in the working status, occupational and geographical mobility etc. As regards the supply of specific training to experts in highly technological sectors, the ESF interventions shall also support the development of the skills relevant for the sectors with growth potential at regional or local level. Significant specific training shall take place in the field of environment protection, knowing that suitable training can allow the work force to take advantage of the opportunities inherent in managing the environment, such as measures related to climate change mitigation and adaptation actions and associated risks. Thus, there will be provided training on pollution management of both preventive and remedial nature, optimising the use of material resources, reducing environmental risk or clearing up environmental damage, cleaner technologies and products, resources management, such as renewable energy and ecosystem management.
These actions will result in cleaner healthier working conditions. The approach will also take due care of the development needs of the less favoured areas (small towns, villages, but also isolated and mountain localities with emerging economies).
There will be provided training to the medical staff as well as to physicians in medicine, including occupational medicine (health and safety at work). Moreover, environmental training and health care will be crosssector approached within the training programmes. Campaigns on preventing health risks, such as on the need to undertake regular medical check ups, the damaging effects of tobacco or alcohol, on the need to preserve a proper working environment, free of risk factors (e.g. stress, noise and pollution), preventive health care for children and elderly in the event of heat waves shall also be promoted. Altogether, activities within the frame of these interventions will contribute to the better knowledge of the employees in relation to the changes of economic, social, technological and environmental conditions.
The proposed operations will therefore concentrate on increasing the specific knowledge, expertise and competences of both employers and employees related to the current economic changes or evolutions. This key area of intervention will encourage the supply of specialised training, the setting up of modern forms of work organisation, innovative actions aiming at increasing work productivity and the harmonisation of work with family life, including through more flexible working programmes. At the same time, the initiatives in the field of employment, in terms of flexibility and security (flexicurity) on the labour market, especially for promoting active ageing and participation of women on the labour market will be further developed.
Romania is significantly lacking flexibility and diversity of employment forms, as well as forms of work organisation, together with the absence of flexibility and mobility of the workforce. With such activities, the SOP HRD will focus on the use of flexible forms of work organisation and on support of the competitiveness of enterprises and organisations in the economic areas with growth potential.
Indicative operations
− Supporting innovative methods for flexible work organisation, including new working practices and improved conditions;
− Providing skills training for employees to improve quality and productivity in the workplace;
− Supporting activities and measures for occupational diseases prevention, health and safety at work, as well as for a friendly work environment and for the reconciliation of work and family life;
− Promoting and supporting training of health management and medical staff;
− Information and awareness campaigns addressed to change social attitudes and stereotypes towards vulnerable groups in the working environment;
− Providing training in new technologies, including ICT, environment and controlling pollution;
− Promoting transnational exchanges of experience in increasing adaptability:
− Award/quality certification for enterprises promoting flexible organization at work and services aimed at facilitating their employees’ reconciliation of work and family life.
3.2.3.3. Development of partnerships and encouraging initiatives for social partners