Versión I Comunidad Datos (PDU) 1 Mascara Básica
6.1 SNMP en Software Libre
6.1.1 CMU-SNMP
As the risk of exposure to asbestos fibres increases, more stringent operations are required for the remediation of the ACMs. Procedures are categorized as Class1, Class 2 or Class 3, and are governed by separate work procedures. Properly trained site employees should conduct only Class 1 operations with the approval of the Asbestos Management Program Coordinator. All other asbestos related work should be conducted by properly trained and certified outside contractors.
11.1
Class 1 or LowRisk Asbestos Related WorkAsbestos related work classified as Class 1 or lowrisk has minimal risk of releasing asbestos fibres. However, regulations require that precautions be adequate to protect workers from the release of asbestos fibres. Lowrisk work procedures cover almost all the asbestos related work involving non friable ACMs and some very limited activities associated with small quantities of friable ACMs including: § Installation or removal of a nonfriable ACM with a hand tool; § Disturbance of a nonfriable ACM with a power tool equipped with a HEPA dust collector; § Removal of adhesive patches or dry wall materials where joint filling materials contain asbestos; § Removal of vinyl ACM floor tiles; § Removal or replacement of ten or less asbestoscontaining compressed mineral fibre (“layin”) type ceiling tiles; § Collecting samples of suspect friable ACMs;
§ Working close to friable sprayed asbestos, where the material may be affected by the work activities;
§ The opening of ceiling tiles for inspection purposes;
§ The opening of brake drums and the replacement or repair of break pads suspected of containing asbestos;
§ Removing manufactured products with ACM (basically means nonfriable materials);
§ Cutting or shaping premanufactured ACM products such as gaskets, older vinyl tiles, older acoustic ceiling tiles; § Working with intact asbestos cement (“transite”) pipe, wall and ceiling panels including fumehoods and exterior soffits; and § Using power tools with HEPA dust collection.
11.2
Class 2 or ModerateRisk Asbestos Related Work Class 2 or moderaterisk asbestos related work is described as any minor activity that may disturb or involve direct contact with small quantities of friable ACMs that may result in significant potential exposure to airborne asbestos fibres with some health risk. This asbestos related work might include:§ Removal or replacement of more than ten asbestoscontaining compressed mineral fibre type ceiling tiles;
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§ Entry into ceiling spaces, crawl spaces, pipe tunnels, etc. where friable asbestos debris is present;
§ The removal of a false ceiling with the likelihood of a significant quantity of friable ACMs on its surface;
§ Minor removal of friable ACMs (removal of not more than 1 m 2 of surface area per work period);
§ Minor disturbance of friable ACMs (i.e. to repair valves on piping, install hangers, fastening to a sprayed surface); § Application of tape, sealant or other covering to pipe or boiler insulation containing asbestos; § Removal of less than approximately 2.8 square metres of asbestos mechanical insulation; § Repair of any extent of asbestos mechanical insulation; § The use of power tools not equipped with HEPA filtered dust collection device on nonfriable ACM; and § Removal or other disturbance of less than about 2.8 square metres of asbestos that has been spray applied (thermal, fireproofing or decorative) materials.
11.3
Class 3 or HighRisk Asbestos Related Work Class 3 or highrisk asbestos related work is described, as any activity for which there is a potential for high exposure to airborne asbestos fibres with high health risk. This asbestos related work may include:§ The removal or disturbance of friable ACMs, other than low or moderate risk asbestos related work;
§ The spray application of an encapsulant or sealant to friable ACMs (i.e. encapsulating sprayed fireproofing);
§ Disturbance of the ductwork or air handling equipment serving or passing through areas of buildings with sprayed asbestoscontaining fireproofing or insulation; and
§ Repair, alteration or demolition of a boiler, furnace, kiln, or similar equipment with asbestos containing refractory.
11.4
Glovebag Work ProcedureThe removal or repair of asbestoscontaining pipe insulation may be conducted using Class 2 (moderaterisk) procedures. Another option for the removal of asbestoscontaining pipe insulation is the glove bag procedure, which is a polyethylene containment bag which fastens around the pipe insulation to be removed and is sealed onto the pipe system. The glovebags are equipped with sealed armholes and a pouch for tools inside the glovebag that allows removal of the insulation inside the glovebag. Once the asbestoscontaining pipe insulation has been removed from the pipe and placed in the lower chamber of the glovebag, a small port is used to wet the inside of the glovebag and wash down the exposed pipe. The lower chamber is then resealed prior to removal of the glovebag.
11.5
Emergency ProceduresFacility maintenance personnel may encounter damaged or fallen material which may be suspected of containing asbestos. This may occur in areas where asbestos has been documented or in areas not included in the survey (due to limited accessibility, linings within tanks and equipment, concealed
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insulations, pipe chases, etc.). In these cases it is important that the exposure of all occupants to airborne asbestos be minimized by isolating the area. If entry is required by facility staff into an area potentially contaminated with asbestos, such as when responding to an emergency due to equipment or mechanical failure, specific work procedures must be followed including wearing appropriate PPE. A safe work procedure for emergency entry into areas potentially contaminated with asbestos fibres is provided in Appendix M. The cleanup of small quantities of friable asbestos debris that has detached from insulation is considered a Class 2 operation.
11.6
Air MonitoringIn New Brunswick, regulations require clearance air sampling only at the completion of Class 3 asbestos related work. However, the Asbestos Management Program Coordinator should consider collecting background samples and area samples (i.e. perimeter) prior to and during Class 3 asbestos work. Furthermore, clearance air sampling could be considered, at the discretion of the Asbestos Management Program Coordinator, upon completion of Class 2 work where an enclosure has been constructed or upon completion of a significant Class 1 project in sensitive areas such as classrooms, occupied offices, etc.
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12.0 WORK PROCEDURES FOR WORKING WITH ASBESTOS
12.1
Identification of Work that May Involve Asbestos The first step in any work that may involve ACMs is to identify the potential for the work to disturb the ACMs. The following describes how asbestos related work is identified.12.1.1
Normal Maintenance and Small Projects Physical Plant and RLCCS employees will be required to recognize hazards associated with potential ACMs in their workplace and ensure they do not disturb potential ACMs. If unsure, they should discuss with their foreperson or manager who can review the inventory. If necessary the AMP Coordinator can be consulted. If asbestos is present, the procedures identified in Section 12 must be followed.12.1.2
Large Project WorkFor large projects, forepersons or the Asbestos Management Program Coordinator should determine whether any known or suspect ACM(s) will be potentially disturbed (including, but not necessarily limited to those listed in the most current Asbestos Building Materials Assessment). The Asbestos Management Program Coordinator should review the AMP records to determine whether all materials that may be disturbed have been adequately sampled and analyzed for asbestos content. If suspected ACM(s) will be potentially disturbed, the Asbestos Management Program Coordinator should arrange for sampling and laboratory analysis of the suspect ACM(s) to confirm the presence and type of asbestos prior to commencement of work. In lieu of sampling and laboratory analysis, suspect ACMs can be presumed to be asbestoscontaining and treated as such.
Determining whether any suspect ACMs will be disturbed by maintenance, renovation, or demolition work procedures may be accomplished through review of previous assessments and sampling records. However, if insufficient data is available, a visual observation and sampling should be conducted by a properly trained internal worker, or a trained asbestos consultant
12.2
Work PracticesThe work practices described in this section are for custodial, security, maintenance, IT and construction staff. The special work practices applied must be appropriate for the likelihood that suspected or confirmed ACMs will be disturbed and that fibres will be released.
In general, there are four broad categories of work practices which are recognized:
§ Worker Protection Program to protect custodial, maintenance, security, IT and building staff from asbestos exposure;
§ Basic Procedures basic (Class 1) procedures used to perform routine custodial and maintenance tasks involving ACM, such as drilling a hole in nonfriable ACM material;
§ Special Cleaning Techniques special techniques to clean up asbestos released during routine work; and
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§ Procedures for Asbestos Fibre Release Episodes if moderate to large amounts of ACMs are disturbed, specialized procedures should be followed in order to address the hazard in an appropriate fashion. A safe work procedure for emergency entry into areas potentially contaminated with asbestos fibres is provided in Appendix M.
12.2.1
Worker Protection ProgramThere are two key aspects of worker protection in terms of personal protective equipment (PPE): respiratory protection/monitoring, and the use of protective clothing.
12.2.1.1
Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory protection is an important part of maintenance activities involving potential exposure to friable asbestos. In order to prevent exposure during a certain work operation, UNB Fredericton should make available respiratory protection to all Physical Plant workers involved in Class 1 operations. When adequate care is taken to prevent or minimize and control fibre release, routine, small scale/shortduration maintenance tasks are not likely to generate high levels of airborne asbestos compared to large asbestos removal projects. Therefore, respirators that filter breathing air may be used under these circumstances. Single use disposable paper dust masks do not adequately protect against airborne asbestos fibres and should not be used.
UNB Fredericton personnel should only perform Class 1 operations, if approved by the Asbestos Management Program Coordinator and thus the options for respiratory protection that may be used by site personnel include:
§ A NIOSHapproved disposable respirator suitable for asbestos;
§ A halfface or fullface negative pressure, airpurifying respirator with replaceable highefficiency particulate aerosol (HEPA) filters; or
§ A half or fullface powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) with replaceable HEPA filters. This type of respirator has a batterypowered pump, which assists breathing and provides positive pressure in the face piece.
Only respirators approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are permitted for use. Airpurifying respirators must be equipped with highefficiency filtration device(s).
12.2.1.2
Protective ClothingIn addition to respirators, certain work procedures require the worker to wear protective clothing. In the event that UNB Fredericton personnel must conduct a Class 1 operation or in the event of an unplanned release of fibres, clothing which is disposable and may consist of coveralls, a head cover and foot covers made of synthetic fabrics, which do not allow asbestos fibres to pass through
(e.g., Tyvek®) should be worn. This type of clothing prevents workers’ regular clothing from becoming
contaminated with asbestos fibres. The coveralls must be disposed of as asbestos waste.
Provincial regulations require workers to wear protective clothing whenever they are exposed, or likely to be exposed, to fibre levels above provincial permissible exposure levels. Workers should be properly trained in the use, removal and disposal of protective clothing. Not all asbestosrelated activities require the use of protective clothing. The need for protective clothing should be assessed by
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12.2.2
Basic Procedures Basic procedures to minimize and/or contain asbestos fibres include: § wet methods; § use of minienclosures;§ use of portable power tools equipped with special local ventilation attachments fitted with HEPA filters; and/or
§ avoidance of certain activities, such as sawing, sanding and drilling ACMs.
Special work practices such as wet wiping, area isolation, HEPA vacuuming and the use of personal protective equipment such as respirators and protective clothing may be required where disturbance of ACMs is likely. The need for these practices varies with each situation.
12.2.3
Special Cleaning TechniquesThorough and proper cleaning techniques are required to clean up asbestos debris caused by previous deterioration or damage to minimize spread of airborne asbestos fibres in the building.
A combination of wet mopping/wiping or HEPA vacuuming must be undertaken to clean all surfaces that may be contaminated with asbestos fibres. Unacceptable cleaning techniques include dry sweeping or dusting which can result in a spread of airborne asbestos fibres. Wet clothes, rags or mops used to pick up asbestos fibres must be disposed of as asbestos waste while still wet. These asbestos contaminated materials must not be allowed to dry out, which can result in the release of asbestos fibres. The use of High Efficiency Particulate Air vacuums may be preferable to wet cleaning in some circumstances. These vacuums have very efficient filters that trap the microscopic asbestos fibres that are responsible for human health effects. Regular vacuum cleaners should not be used since the air is not filtered sufficiently, and asbestos fibres may pass through the filter into the air. Wet mopping/wiping is to be performed by gently spraying surfaces with either water or “amended water” before cleaning. Amended water is a mixture of water and commercially available chemicals that allow water to penetrate more easily into ACMs. A dust suppressant could also be used on mops. The wetting of the surfaces reduces the formation of airborne dust and can prevent an unnecessary asbestos exposure.
Irregular surfaces (curtains, books, furniture and carpeting) should be cleaned using HEPA vacuums. Other surfaces, such as walls, noncarpeted floors, light fixtures, exterior of air handling ducts and filing cabinets should be cleaned using mops and/or dust cloths or rags that are wetted with amended water.
12.2.3.1
Prohibited ActivitiesCustodial and maintenance staff must ensure that their activities do not damage or further disturb ACMs. Custodial and maintenance staff should be directed:
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§ Not to drill holes into suspected or confirmed ACMs;
§ Not to hang pictures, signs (except asbestos warning signs), clothing, plants, or any other articles on walls or from ceilings with suspected or confirmed ACMs;
§ Not to sand, saw or grind asbestoscontaining floor tiles, hard board panels or other nonfriable suspected or confirmed ACMs;
§ Not to damage suspected or confirmed ACMs while moving furniture or other objects;
§ Not to install curtains, drapes, or dividers in such a way that they damage suspected or confirmed ACMs;
§ Not to use high revolution floor polishers on ACM floor tiles (9” or 12” square ACM tiles); and
§ Not to use a vacuum unless it is fitted with a HEPA filter to clean up suspected or confirmed asbestoscontaining debris.
12.2.4
Procedures for Asbestos Fibre Release EpisodesIf ACMs are present in the building, an uncontrolled asbestos fibre release may potentially occur. Custodial, security and maintenance staff should note any debris on floors, water or physical damage to the ACMs, or any other evidence of possible fibre release. Fibre releases can occur with normal degradation of ACMs or during maintenance or renovations activities. Where any fibre release or damage has occurred, the damage must be repaired and the area decontaminated by appropriately trained inhouse staff or by certified outside abatement contractors as quickly as possible. Reference should be made to the Action Matrix Table in Section 7.4.2.
12.2.4.1
Minor EpisodesExamples of minor incidents include an accidental puncture of an insulated pipe, contact with an insulated structural beam, or breakage of a corner of a tile or wall panel, where a small amount of ACM is dislodged. These minor incidents can be treated with standard wet cleaning and HEPA vacuum techniques by properly trained staff (with the approval of the Asbestos Management Program Coordinator) or a certified contractor. In such cases procedures should consist of the following:
§ Immediate control of all access to the affected area. Unauthorized persons should not be allowed into the area;
§ Workers must wear an appropriate respirator based on the potential asbestos fibre exposure or at a minimum a halfface, negative pressure, airpurifying respirator equipped with HEPA filters;
§ Workers must thoroughly saturate the debris with amended water using a spray container with a very fine spray. The debris must then be carefully placed in double 6mil plastic bags that are properly labelled as containing asbestos waste, for disposal. Alternatively, the debris can be collected with a HEPA equipped vacuum cleaner. The area where the debris is located must be thoroughly cleaned with a damp cloth/mop or vacuumed with a HEPA equipped vacuum;
§ All debris and materials used in the clean up must be double bagged, labelled and properly disposed of as asbestos waste; and
§ The damaged ACM must be repaired with asbestosfree spackling, plaster, cement, insulation or sealed with latex paint or an approved encapsulant.
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12.2.4.2
Major EpisodesMajor fibre release incidents are (potentially) very serious events. However, prompt appropriate action by the Asbestos Management Program Coordinator or by onsite staff can minimize or eliminate the health risk to building occupants. Serious disturbance of a large amount of ACM could contaminate an entire building with asbestos fibres.
Examples of a major incident include water or physical damage to pipe insulation resulting in missing sections or insulation falling from structural beams onto the back of ceiling tiles. In these cases, immediate and rigorous control and clean up procedures are required. Welltrained and properly equipped persons must address these situations. Only specialized asbestos abatement contractors properly trained and qualified to deal with asbestos decontamination should be considered. In major release incidents the following procedures must be followed; § The area must be isolated as soon as possible after the ACM is discovered. Where the area can be sealed by doors, they must be locked (be careful the area is not an escape corridor); § The air handling system must be shut off or temporarily modified to prevent the distribution of fibres from the affected area to other areas of the building; § Establish the extent of contamination through a thorough visual inspection and/or area asbestos air monitoring. All persons determining the extent of contamination should wear respirators equipped with HEPA filters (at a minimum), protective clothing, boots and head covers; § Fallen debris must be sprayed with amended water, double bagged, labelled and properly disposed of as asbestos waste;
§ Horizontal and vertical surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned using wet mopping/wiping and vacuumed with a HEPA vacuum cleaner;
§ Walls, ceilings, pipes, boilers or other surfaces where ACM was damaged must be repaired