... B. pallescens – Plants polyoicous, to 3 cm tall; capsules pendulous; growing on calcareous
substrates ... B. lonchocaulon 53 Plants synoicous; red leaf base distinct; leaf margin with distinct border of
narrow, elongate, incrassate cells ... B. creberrimum – Plants dioicous; leaf base oft en concolorous to indistinctly red; leaf margin
with few rows of narrow, elongate cells forming indistinct border ... ... B. caespiticium
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES Preliminary remarks
Names of taxa that have been shown to occur in Hungary are printed in bold
italics. Th e following species which have either not (yet) been found in Hungary
but might be expected, or which have been poorly recorded or even excluded, are deliberately included to increase the usefulness of the key and the descriptions for species determination: B. badium, B. barnesii, B. blindii, B. cyclophyllum, B. de-
maretianum, B. donianum, B. gemmiparum, B. knowltonii, B. longisetum, B. schlei- cheri, B. tenuisetum, B. versicolor.
Each section begins with a morphological description, including comments, which highlight the diff erences from similar species. Th e section on morphol- ogy ends with specifi c references concerning the descriptions. In the case of con- troversial taxa, a note on taxonomic status is added. Illustrations are based on Hungarian material whenever possible, but in some cases specimens from other countries were resorted to in order to show specifi c features that were not present in the Hungarian material (e.g. sporophytes).
Following the morphological details are accounts of the taxa occurring in Hungary based on information from the revised specimens: habitat and sub- strate as noted in the convolutes, associated bryophytes as found in the pack- ets, and distribution in Hungary as shown by a map. Th e number of specimens, the total number of grid cells and the number of grid cells with recent fi nds are given. Th e range and the average altitude based on all specimens of the species are also given. Th e enumeration of selected specimens (or of all specimens, if there are only a few, i.e. in case of B. archangelicum, B. badium, B. funckii, B.
gemmiferum, B. gemmilucens, B. intermedium, B. knowltonii, B. kunzei, B. loncho- caulon, B. neodamense, B. ruderale, B. stirtonii, B. uliginosum, and B. warneum) is
arranged according to the bryogeographical regions of Boros (1968) with slight modifi cations, and gives specimen data of at least one specimen for each region, where the species occurs. Aft er the region the Niklfeld grid (Niklfeld 1971) is given for each cited specimen. Since in some cases county boundaries and names have changed considerably, the county indicated for the specimen may not be the county to which the specimen’s location belongs today. Annotation of speci- mens (e.g. det. Podpera, etc.) prior to our revision is cited only exceptionally. Th is section is closed by a note summarising salient features of the distribution in Hungary and possible conclusions with respect to an updated red list status in comparison with the recently published red list (Papp et al. 2010), using IUCN criteria (IUCN 1994, 2001, Hallingbäck et al. 1998).
Distribution in adjacent countries is compiled from the following sources: Austria (A): Grims (1999), Köckinger et al. (2008), Schlüsslmayr (2005, 2011), Slovenia (SLO): Martinčič (2003), Croatia (HR), Serbia (SRB): Sabov- ljević et al. (2008), Romania (RO): Ştefănuţ and Goia (2012), Ukraine (UA): Ignatov et al. (2006), Slovakia (SK): Kubinská et al. (2001).
In a fi nal section published reports on Hungarian distributions of species are discussed with respect to the results of the revision. In view of the unreliabil- ity of literature reports no eff ort was made to achieve completeness, especially with respect to older records. Th e comprehensive accounts most consulted are: Szepesfalvi (1941), Boros (1953, 1968), Orbán and Vajda (1983), Papp and Rajczy (1999), Zanten (1999).
Bryum algovicum Sendtn. ex Müll. Hal.
[= B. pendulum (Hornsch.) Schimp., B. angustirete Kindb. ex Macoun] (Figs 4, 5)
Synoicous or sometimes autoicous (also dioicous according to Nyholm (1993) and Guerra et al. (2010)), usually with sporophytes (in 95% of speci- mens seen). Plants 1–1.5(–3) cm tall, growing as solitary plants or in lax to dense tuft s, rhizoids red-brown, fi nely papillose. Leaves forming comal tuft , erectopat- ent when moist, fl exuose when dry, ovate-lanceolate, reddish at base, entire or slightly denticulate at apex; margin broadly recurved nearly to apex; costa longly (oft en > 300 μm) excurrent, apiculus denticulate. Laminal cells 40–60 × 10–15(–20) μm, marginal cells very narrow, up to 120 μm long, incrassate, form- ing unistratose border 2–6 cells wide. Seta 1–3 cm long. Capsule pendulous, to 5 mm long, obovate or pyriform, narrow-mouthed, brown when ripe, lid con- vex with acute mamilla. Exostome and endostome fi rmly attached to each other along their total length, therefore appearing opaque, exostome brown-orange, in lower part with vertical to oblique cross-walls between lamellae forming net- work. Endostome shorter than exostome, visible only in microscope, segments with oval perforations; cilia (2–3) short, irregular. Spores 25–35(–40) μm, green, fi nely papillose.
Similar species: B. algovicum cannot reliably be recognised without ripe
capsules. In the fi eld, the narrow-mouthed, obovate urns with the convex lid and an endostome invisible with a hand lens are good pointers. Th e exostome appears opaque and has cross-walls.
B. archangelicum: lid fl at with a small mamilla, endostome free, clearly vis-
ible with a hand lens, exostome without oblique cross-walls (B. algovicum: lid convex, high, with sharp mamilla, endostome completely attached to exostome,
not visible with a hand lens, exostome with oblique cross-walls between lamellae, appearing opaque; endostome segments (microscope!) shorter than exostome).
B. intermedium: capsule narrowly pyriform, oft en delicate and thin, nearly
always asymmetric, curved, gibbous, dark red to blackish when ripe; exostome and endostome free, exostome without cross-walls, endostome with nodose or shortly appendiculate cilia (B. algovicum: capsule not gibbous, brown, endos- tome and exostome fused, exostome with oblique cross-walls between lamellae, appearing opaque, cilia rudimentary).
B. pallescens group (B. creberrimum, B. lonchocaulon, B. pallescens): capsule
large-mouthed, exostome without oblique cross-walls, exostome and endostome free and visible with a hand lens, ripe capsules oft en inclined; endostome with long, appendiculate cilia, spores 12–20(–24) μm. (B. algovicum: capsule narrow- mouthed, ripe capsules always pendulous, not inclined, endostome and exostome fused, exostome with oblique cross-walls between lamellae, appearing opaque; cilia short, spores 25–35(–40) μm).
For the diff erences between B. algovicum and B. caespiticium, B. creberri-
mum, and B. longisetum, see the notes under the latter species.
References: Limpricht (1895): 293–295, Nyholm (1993):188–189, Dema- ret (1993): 246–248, Ahrens (2001): 52–53, Guerra et al. (2010): 133–135.
Habitat: pioneer species in alkaline grasslands, in quarries, on walls, at roadsides, on the shore of lakes, nearly always in open vegetation (frequent in
Fig. 4. Bryum algovicum. A = leaves; B; C = capsules (moist); D = exostome tooth. Scale bar: A: – 2 mm; B, C: – 4 mm; D: – 200 μm. [A, B, D: Erzberger 1922; C: Erzberger 11402, del. Erzberger].
saline grassland, in wetlands like magnocaricetis, near Phragmites stands, espe- cially at the shore of saline lakes, near moist ditches, on moist clay, also in dolo- mite grassland; in forests in the plain, in Abies-forest and on andesite rock in the northern mountains, on old walls of limestone and of granite, on humus between decaying wood inside a well, rarely on the trunk of trees).
Substrate: (calcareous) sand, clay, soil, rocks, mortar, in dry or temporarily wet sites.
Associated bryophytes: Bryum caespiticium, B. creberrimum, Didymodon
fallax, Encalypta vulgaris, Funaria hygrometrica, Tortula muralis.
Vertical distribution: 80–800 (mean 130) m a.s.l.
Distribution in Hungary (85 specimens, 60 grid cells, of which 7 repre- sent recent fi nds): Zemplén Mts (7494.4): Comit. Abaúj-Torna. In rupibus an- desit. montis Vár-hegy prope pag. Füzér, 4–500 m, 07.09.1947 leg. Á. Boros BP 7688 sub B. pallescens; Bükk Mts (7988.2): Com. Borsod. In pratis montanis Nagymező, prope pag. Szilvásvárad, 800 m, 13.05.1951 leg. L. Vajda EGR sub