CHAPTER 4: CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 EXPRESSION IN BLADDER CANCER AND PATIENT
5.6 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 5.1 - 5.3
577
None 578
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717 718
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Table 1: Energy-use and occupancy patterns applied at different stages of the simulation analysis Room type Flat A (single elderly) Flat B (family of 2 adults and
3 children) TM59-SAP2012
Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer
Bedroom Heating SAP2012¹ N/A SAP2012¹ N/A SAP2012¹ N/A
Occupancy 10pm to 8am 7pm to 7am TM59²
Living room Heating SAP2012¹ N/A SAP2012¹ N/A SAP2012¹ N/A
Occupancy 8am to 11pm 8am to 11pm TM59²
¹SAP2012 heating pattern-
Weekday: 0700-0900 and 1600-2300/ Weekend: 0700-2300
²TM59 occupancy pattern-
Bedroom: 2 people from 11pm to 8am 70% gain, 2people at full gain from 8am to 9am and from 10pm to11 pm, 1 person at full gain from 9 am to 10 pm
Living room: 2 people at 75% gain from 9am to 10 pm
Table 2: Building fabric modelling input data of the case study (existing and retrofitted)
BUILDING COMPONENTS
MATERIALS EXISTING RETROFITTED
EXTERNAL WALL U-VALUE
External over-cladding &
rendering, concrete panels, internal thermal insulation &
plaster finish
0.9 W/m²K 0.7
W/m²K 0.5
W/m²K 0.3 W/m²K
FLOOR U-VALUE Concrete slabs & rendering 2.7 W/m²K 2.7 W/m²K ROOF U-VALUE Concrete slab & rendering,
bitumen 2.3 W/m²K (Mavrogianni et al.,
2015) 0.28 W/m²K
WINDOWS U-VALUE Double glazing with UPVC
panels 2 W/m² (Mavrogianni et al.,
2015) 2 W/m²K (Mavrogianni et al.,
2015) AIR INFILTRATION - 10 m3/m2h at 50 Pa (Mulville
and Stravoravdis, 2016) 5.0 m3/m2h at 50 Pa (Building Regulation 2010, 2018)
Table 3: Annual operative temperature in a typical middle floor using U-values of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 W/m2K in three climate change scenarios
Climate projection 2030 2050 2080
U-Value W/m2K 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 Annual
operative temperature
°C
Min 18.60 18.21 17.90 15.54 18.79 18.38 18.03 15.62 18.99 18.62 18.32 16.08 Mean 22.10 21.71 21.39 18.98 22.67 22.30 22.00 19.51 23.96 23.22 22.93 20.57 Max 27.90 27.63 27.40 25.13 29.04 28.83 28.65 26.33 30.65 30.46 30.31 28.19
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Table 4: Hours above overheating risk temperature in bedroom and living rooms of a typical south-facing flat with the U-value of 0.5 W/m²K in the future climate change scenarios
ZONE HOURS EXCEEDING OVERHEATING RISK TEMPERATURE
(TM 59 CRITERIA: 26°C BEDROOM AND 28°C LIVING ROOM)
2030 2050 2080
OCCUPANCY
SCHEDULE TM59-SAP Flat A Flat B
TM59-SAP Flat A Flat B TM59-SAP Flat A Flat B LIVING
ROOM 521 468 449 748 492 719 1200 967 1161
BEDROOM 2207 394 952 3051 717 1178 3495 913 1492
Table 5: Solar heat gain in south-facing living room and bedroom of a typical middle floor
Climate
projection 2030 2050 2080
Room Bedroom Living room Bedroom Living room Bedroom Living room Mean Annual
solar gain in
kWh 24.31 16.54 25.84 16.65 25.89 16.89
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Figure 1: Typical floor plan of the case study building (Newham Council, 2007)
Figure 2 (a, b, c, d): Indoor To and heating energy use in a typical middle floor under the climate change scenarios (2030, 2050, 2080), using TM59-SAP patterns and U-values of a. 0.9 W/m²K , b. 0.7 W/m²K , c. 0.5 W/m²K and d. 0.3W/m²K.
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(a)
(b)
Figure 3: Percentage of difference between the reduction of discomfort hours (a) and the reduction of energy use (b) in the base case (U-value 0.9 W/m²K for external walls) compared to the upgraded thermal performance of the building envelope (U-values of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 W/m²K) in a typical middle floor.
Figure 4 (a, b, c): Indoor To in the bedroom of the typical south-facing flat with the U-value of 0.5 W/m²K and three occupancy profiles (Flat A, Flat B, and TM 59) under the climate change scenarios (a) 2030, (b) 2050, and (c) 2080. Figure 4 (d, e, f): Indoor To in the living room of the typical south-facing flat with the U-value of 0.5
34%
36%
40%
32%
35%
38%
28%
30%
33%
U - V A L U E 0 . 7 U - V A L U E 0 . 5 U - V A L U E 0 . 3
P e r c e n t a g e r e d u c t i o n i n o v e r h e a t i n g h o u r s ( d i s c o m f o r t h o u r s )
2030 2050 2080
65%
73%
81%
60%
71%
87%
70%
77%
90%
U - V A L U E 0 . 7 U - V A L U E 0 . 5 U - V A L U E 0 . 3
P e r c e n t a g e r e d u c t i o n o f h e a t i n g e n e r g y u s e
2030 2050 2080
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W/m²K and three occupancy profiles (Flat A, Flat B, and TM 59) under the climate change scenarios (a) 2030, (b) 2050, and (c) 2080.
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