MÉTODO, TÉCNICA E INSTRUMENTOS
3.3. Técnica e Instrumento de Recolección de Datos
Conceptual design Single unit/ studio
unit, (3.5 m x 8.0 m) Double unit/ duplex unit
(3.5 m x 16 m)
Young starters, young executives, middle-in- come group
Before and after sale services, design and technical consultation, financial consultation
Through leasing of the units, leasing of the components, mainte- nance fees
Manufacturing plant, crane for lifting units, trucks and trailers for logistics, human re- sources (i.e. engineer, designer, semi-skilled workers)
Structure + infill + operating cost (factory, machines, installa- tion, main-tenance, promotion, sales & marketing
Sample unit, learning center, social media
Housing prefabri-cat- ion, design & financial consultation, building components produc- ers/ suppliers, mainte- nance consultant
Local manufacturers and suppliers, new modular contractors, steel suppliers
Design workshop with architects Type A:
2.4 m x 12 m Type B: 2.4 m x 6.0 m Type C: 7.2 m x 2.4 m Young starters, single persons, young couples,
Gen-Y,
age bracket 25–34 years old
Maintenance of the unit, cleaning services, centralized laundry, function/
common area, gather- ing spaces
No relevant data Manufacturing plant, crane for lifting, cus- tomer service center, design consultation center, trucks, trailers
Machines (automated system), designers, engineers, customer services personnel, technicians, semi-skilled workers, skilled workers Customer services center, showroom, learning center Modular housing, mobile housing, industrialized housing activities, factory housing fabrication, housing production, installation Steel manu-facturing companies, home sup- pliers, local windows, doors, sanitary fittings, electrical, home accessories
Focus group with young starters Type of unit
(half-box) (2.5 m x 5.0 m), single unit (2.5 m x 7.0 m), double unit (2.5 m x 12 m) x 2 (horizontal) duplex unit (2.5 m x 12 m x 2),
services for the unit, all-inclusive, allot- ment, outdoor garden All-inclusive bill utility, laundry area, facilities for socializing, security services
Single persons, young couples, young parents with children
After-sales services, maintenance defects liability period, warranty of the product
Account deduction, subletting units, usage fees for services, option for ownership
No relevant data Maintenance of the building, investment in the machines, factory, manage-ment, designers, technical personnel, engineers Showhouse, in-house sales, website, apps to promote new units, design
Modular housing, industrialized housing activities, prefab hous- ing, off-site activities, minimal site activities
Local manu-facturers, sanitary, electrical, fur- niture, doors, windows, technology
Focus group with private developers, NGO and entrepreneurs
Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Capital fund and option for ownership, Recurring fees from leasing, Rent-to-own or Rent-to-buy
Factory, resources, crane facilities, mobili- zation facilities, trucks, trailers Main-tenance, Resources location, manu-facturing technology, people, designers, technical personnel
No relevant data Industrialized housing production, modular / mobile housing, hous- ing for middle-income group
Small entrepreneurs, local suppliers, inter- national expertise in technical matters
Focus group with government agencies Transition house
for young starters, high-rises accomo- dation
Young starters, mid- dle-income earners, income bracket RM 2999–RM 7999
Good workmanship/ quality of the product, good customer services, after-sales services
Leasing and ownership Factory, investment in human and machine resource
Subsidized by gov- ern-ment, lower than market price, according to 30% of household income Roadshow by gov- ernment agencies, websites Prefab manu-facturers, housing producers
Local market, local suppliers, SME part- nership
CUSTOMIZATION AFFORDABILITY SUPPLY CHAIN (PRODUCTION) Value propositions Target customers Customer relationship Revenue streams Key resources Cost structure Channel & Network Key activities Partnership
Conceptual design Single unit/ studio
unit, (3.5 m x 8.0 m) Double unit/ duplex unit
(3.5 m x 16 m)
Young starters, young executives, middle-in- come group
Before and after sale services, design and technical consultation, financial consultation
Through leasing of the units, leasing of the components, mainte- nance fees
Manufacturing plant, crane for lifting units, trucks and trailers for logistics, human re- sources (i.e. engineer, designer, semi-skilled workers)
Structure + infill + operating cost (factory, machines, installa- tion, main-tenance, promotion, sales & marketing
Sample unit, learning center, social media
Housing prefabri-cat- ion, design & financial consultation, building components produc- ers/ suppliers, mainte- nance consultant
Local manufacturers and suppliers, new modular contractors, steel suppliers
Design workshop with architects Type A:
2.4 m x 12 m Type B: 2.4 m x 6.0 m Type C: 7.2 m x 2.4 m Young starters, single persons, young couples,
Gen-Y,
age bracket 25–34 years old
Maintenance of the unit, cleaning services, centralized laundry, function/
common area, gather- ing spaces
No relevant data Manufacturing plant, crane for lifting, cus- tomer service center, design consultation center, trucks, trailers
Machines (automated system), designers, engineers, customer services personnel, technicians, semi-skilled workers, skilled workers Customer services center, showroom, learning center Modular housing, mobile housing, industrialized housing activities, factory housing fabrication, housing production, installation Steel manu-facturing companies, home sup- pliers, local windows, doors, sanitary fittings, electrical, home accessories
Focus group with young starters Type of unit
(half-box) (2.5 m x 5.0 m), single unit (2.5 m x 7.0 m), double unit (2.5 m x 12 m) x 2 (horizontal) duplex unit (2.5 m x 12 m x 2),
services for the unit, all-inclusive, allot- ment, outdoor garden All-inclusive bill utility, laundry area, facilities for socializing, security services
Single persons, young couples, young parents with children
After-sales services, maintenance defects liability period, warranty of the product
Account deduction, subletting units, usage fees for services, option for ownership
No relevant data Maintenance of the building, investment in the machines, factory, manage-ment, designers, technical personnel, engineers Showhouse, in-house sales, website, apps to promote new units, design
Modular housing, industrialized housing activities, prefab hous- ing, off-site activities, minimal site activities
Local manu-facturers, sanitary, electrical, fur- niture, doors, windows, technology
Focus group with private developers, NGO and entrepreneurs
Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Capital fund and option for ownership, Recurring fees from leasing, Rent-to-own or Rent-to-buy
Factory, resources, crane facilities, mobili- zation facilities, trucks, trailers Main-tenance, Resources location, manu-facturing technology, people, designers, technical personnel
No relevant data Industrialized housing production, modular / mobile housing, hous- ing for middle-income group
Small entrepreneurs, local suppliers, inter- national expertise in technical matters
Focus group with government agencies Transition house
for young starters, high-rises accomo- dation
Young starters, mid- dle-income earners, income bracket RM 2999–RM 7999
Good workmanship/ quality of the product, good customer services, after-sales services
Leasing and ownership Factory, investment in human and machine resource
Subsidized by gov- ern-ment, lower than market price, according to 30% of household income Roadshow by gov- ernment agencies, websites Prefab manu-facturers, housing producers
Local market, local suppliers, SME part- nership
§ 5.7
Emerging codes
We searched for emerging codes based on the transcription from the thematic analysis. This addressed the new (implicit) pattern that was discovered post-analysis. As mentioned, we used a combined technique of a priori code and inductive thematic analysis. Following data collection from the five focus groups and the design workshop, we uploaded both the transcripts and the documents into ATLAS.ti P-Docs and conducted a systematic coding process and identifying the appropriate themes. This procedure seems linear, but the study of the phenomenon was an iterative process. Emerging codes created a pattern in the data that differed from that made by the a priori codes. The findings extended the meanings derived from the focus group with the young starters that relate to security, housing package and customers’ perception of the new product. We attempted to interpret the reluctance and scepticism of the industry’s key players about the new concept that relates to prefabrication process and the availability of manpower and skilled workers, which led to a theme of technology and technical matters. We identified concerns pertaining to land issues and the need to confirm to the authorities’ requirements. The interesting thing about the emerging codes is that they became part of the major storyline of the thesis and could also lead to further studies and further recommendations. Emergent themes shaped patterns that go beyond the scope of the research but added interesting implicit features to support the thesis storyline.
QUOTATIONS CATEGORY THEMES / CODES
How about labours? And skilled workers to handle this new technology? At present, we have many problems associated with issues related to unskilled workers [incompetency] (FG6)
Skilled workers, resources, quality, prefabrication, key resources
Technical & technology
How about the resale value? Is it the same as normal housing?(FG 6) Resale value Investment Loyalty programme for 5 years is interesting, is it possible for me to get
the house for ownership after only 2 years? (FG2)
Housing programme, ownership
Housing programme We can setup a facilitation fund perhaps and put it in one fund [secu-
rity deposit]. Meanwhile they will start renting first. When they have enough capital, they can buy the unit. It is similar to the rent-to-buy option. (FG 6)
Ownership, rent-to-buy, facilitation fund
Housing programme
Is there a possibility that I can sublet the house? FG2) Investment, sublet Investment Can I sublet the house? To get additional income, especially [to lease
to] students who interested to lease and have additional needs.(FG 3)
Investment, sublet Investment People will argue, we have plenty of lands [available], but we have a
governance issue, state land issues, Putrajaya rights [on certain land] and some land issues related to state matters.(FG6)
Authorities’ requirements, procedures
Authority
[We] Need a full consideration before implementing or else it will became like other (IBS system in the country)...(FG6)
Key resources, IBS, invest- ment
Technical / technology Experiences in handling is important, then the quality will be secured...
(FG 6)
Customer services, key activities, IBS
Technical / technology [You will] need to heir an architect, designers, a planner, logistics and
partners to deliver and maintain the unit.(FG6)
IBS, key resources, supply chain, delivery
Technical / technology Not only that, [the IBS needs to] involve the tendering process too, start
from beginning and mostly done offsite [planning] (FG6)
IBS process, key activities Technical / technology Most people wants to buy to seek for rental [investment] returns..(FG6) Investment, ownership Investment
Project fails because of lack of manpower and not enough experience. (FG6)
IBS, barriers to imple- mentation, resources, partnership
Technical / technology
We must have enough infrastructure to run this business.. cooperation from the federal government and the state (land matter) is also import- ant to ensure it iwll be successful... (FG7)
Authorities’ requirements, land issues
Authority
They made it in module, bring to the site by lorries, and the units will be sealed to ensure the quality. ..the process include panel casting and how they arrange it to bring to the site...(FG6)
Key resources, key activi- ties, IBS
Technical / technology
I am looking this on the socio culture aspect. Have you done any survey on the perception among Malaysian [on the new BM]? (FG6)
Perception, culture Culture & Market Most Malaysians still prefer ownership over leasing…(FG3) Perception, culture Culture & Market TABLE 5.11 Theme and category classification for emerging codes
The above table (5.11) shows how we connected the themes and patterns we discovered in the data. It illustrates the process of connecting the category and identifying themes. Similarities and differences between the separate groups of data were emerging at this stage, showing the agreement in response to the areas of new discovery. Note that some of the themes were already established in the deductive process (i.e. investment and housing programme). It is important to note that the coding is interrelated but can also become independent on its own. Finally, we corroborated the term used to describe the process of confirming the final theme as follows:
1 Technical & Technology
2 Investment
3 Housing programme
4 The authorities
5 Culture/ Market
This section described the steps involved in the process of thematic analysis and the approach that we took to identify the emerging codes. The studies revealed the balanced work of the thematic analysis using both deductive analysis (based on literature) and inductive analysis (new themes emerging from empirical projects). Through this process, it was possible to uncover certain meanings, problems, concerns and feedback on the participants’ reactions towards the new BM, which is discussed in the section 5.8.1.
§ 5.8
Discussion
Based on the formulation of the new BM, the answers we obtained from the sessions contributed to the following.
QUESTIONS KEYWORDS CONTRIBUTION TO