Técnicas de determinación de emisión de olor

Although more than 200 performance enhancing polymorphisms have been reported until now, several of them vary among ethnic groups. This possibly explains, at least in part, the fact that athletes from a specific ethnic origin seem to have an advantage over others in certain Olympic sports and affirms the need to replicate association results between genetic polymorphisms and athletic status in populations of different ethnic backgrounds with the largest possible population. Moreover, in contrast to monogenic inheritance, in which mutations of a single gene result in a specific phenotype, sports performance is multigenic and multifactorial. Thus, several genes are involved and, although genetic predisposition has a strong influence on the characterization of the individual as an outstanding athlete, it alone does not produce an elite athlete. Other aspects, such as psychological and environmental factors, will ultimately determine whether these individuals will be top athletes.

C

ONCLUSION

Exercise has a classic Janus effect, which means that the difference between "medicine"

and "poison" is in the dose. When practiced moderately and regularly, it is crucial for a healthy lifestyle, acting as a therapeutic agent and/or preventing numerous illnesses. When exhaustive, exercise can leads to oxidative stress and cell damage even in trained individuals.

Thus, the prudent recommendation to maintain a healthy lifestyle is the regular practice of moderate exercise and a diet rich in antioxidants from natural foods, whatever the genetic inheritance. For those people who undergo strenuous exercise or training that exceeds the antioxidant defenses, the use of antioxidant supplements may be of use, providing that they are closely monitored by sports nutritionists. For these athletes, genetic screening may also be

used to select specific training methods to enhance or improve their genetic predisposition. It is worth remembering, however, that sudden deaths in athletes are usually caused by previously unsuspected cardiovascular disease, and the vast majority of deaths in middle-aged athletes are caused by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Moreover, even children of Olympic athletes, who certainly have a genetic advantage over many other babies born, are not guaranteed the same performance as their parents, because other aspects such as psychological and environmental factors will ultimately determine whether these individuals will be top athletes.

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