INDICES DE GRUBEL-LLOYD
TABLA 3.9: ÍNDICES DE GRUBEL-LLOYD PARA LA SECCIÓN 17, MATERIAL DE TRANSPORTE 2009-
Interface configuration is also one of the more fundamental tasks of router con- figuration. Interface configuration concerns itself with the actual physical,
Ethernet, serial, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and so on, as well as logical interfaces such as loopback addresses on the routers. As such it is also one of the most important types of configuration because it specifies how the router will connect to the rest of the network. Configuration tasks that take place on this level include logical addressing, line speed, duplex settings, framing, and so on.To enter into interface configuration, enter the interface command from configura- tion mode, followed by the interface type and number of the particular interface.
16 Chapter 1 • Introduction to the Cisco IOS
As usual, you can follow the command with a question mark to see the available options:
6Router-1(config)#interface ?
Async Async interface
BVI Bridge-Group Virtual Interface
CTunnel CTunnel interface
Dialer Dialer interface
Ethernet IEEE 802.3
Group-Async Async Group interface
Lex Lex interface
Loopback Loopback interface
MFR Multilink Frame Relay bundle interface Multilink Multilink-group interface
Null Null interface
Serial Serial
Tunnel Tunnel interface
Vif PGM Multicast Host interface
Virtual-Template Virtual Template interface Virtual-TokenRing Virtual TokenRing
range interface range command
6Router-1(config)#interface
For purposes of this discussion, select the Ethernet 0 interface by selecting
Ethernetfrom the preceding list and selecting the 0 port. Remember, many routers have more than one type of specific port, so it is important to specify the port that you intend to work with:
6Router-1(config)#interface ethernet ? <0-0> Ethernet interface number 6Router-1(config)#interface ethernet 0 6Router-1(config-if)#
As you can see from the preceding example, when you enter into interface configuration mode, your prompt changes from (config) to (config-if) for interface configuration. Again, you can enter a question mark to find out the configuration options for this interface:
6Router-1(config-if)#?
Introduction to the Cisco IOS • Chapter 1 17
access-expression Build a bridge boolean access expression
arp Set arp type (arpa, probe, snap) or timeout
backup Modify backup parameters
bandwidth Set bandwidth informational parameter bridge-group Transparent bridging interface parameters carrier-delay Specify delay for interface transitions
cdp CDP interface subcommands
cmns OSI CMNS
custom-queue-list Assign a custom queue list to an interface
default Set a command to its defaults
delay Specify interface throughput delay
description Interface specific description
dlsw DLSw interface subcommands
dspu Down Stream PU
duplex Configure duplex operation
exit Exit from interface configuration mode
fair-queue Enable Fair Queuing on an Interface
fras DLC Switch Interface Command
help Description of the interactive help system
hold-queue Set hold queue depth
ip Interface Internet Protocol config commands
ipv6 IPv6 interface subcommands
keepalive Enable keepalive
lan-name LAN Name command
llc2 LLC2 Interface Subcommands
load-interval Specify interval for load calculation for an interface
locaddr-priority Assign a priority group
logging Configure logging for interface
loopback Configure internal loopback on an interface mac-address Manually set interface MAC address
max-reserved-bandwidth Maximum Reservable Bandwidth on an Interface
media-type Interface media type
mtu Set the interface Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) multilink-group Put interface in a multilink bundle
netbios Use a defined NETBIOS access list or enable name-caching
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no Negate a command or set its defaults
ntp Configure NTP
pppoe pppoe interface subcommands
pppoe-client pppoe client
priority-group Assign a priority group to an interface
random-detect Enable Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) on an Interface
rate-limit Rate Limit
rmon Configure Remote Monitoring on an interface sap-priority Assign a priority group
service-policy Configure QoS Service Policy shutdown Shutdown the selected interface
sna SNA pu configuration
snapshot Configure snapshot support on the interface
snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters
standby HSRP interface configuration commands timeout Define timeout values for this interface traffic-shape Enable Traffic Shaping on an Interface or
Sub-Interface
transmit-interface Assign a transmit interface to a receive-only interface
tx-ring-limit Configure PA level transmit ring limit
6Router-1(config-if)#
We could go on forever with each of the different interface configuration options, and that is just for this particular interface. Configuration commands are at the very heart of working with routers and at the very heart of this book.We will leave our discussion of configuration options with this piece of advice:
Remember the question mark! It will be your best friend in knowing the appropriate
configuration changes and commands on routers.
Using show Commands
Show commands serve as invaluable tools for diagnosing your routers and net-
work conditions. As with configuration commands, literally hundreds of potential
show commands exist, ranging from the very general, such as showing the overall
Introduction to the Cisco IOS • Chapter 1 19 an Ethernet interface, and everything in between. Once again, you can use the
question mark to learn the available show commands at your disposal.The fol- lowing listing is the command output of a show ? command. As before, the output was shortened for purposes of brevity. More than 100 possible show commands exist.
6Router-1#show ?
aaa Show AAA values
access-expression List access expression access-lists List access lists
accounting Accounting data for active sessions adjacency Adjacent nodes
aliases Display alias commands
alps Alps information
arp ARP table
async Information on terminal lines used as router interfaces
backup Backup status
bgp BGP information
bridge Bridge Forwarding/Filtering Database [verbose]
bsc BSC interface information
bstun BSTUN interface information buffers Buffer pool statistics
caller Display information about dialup connections
cca CCA information
cdapi CDAPI information
cdp CDP information
cef Cisco Express Forwarding
class-map Show QoS Class Map clock Display the system clock
cls DLC user information
cns CNS subsystem
compress Show compression statistics configuration Contents of Non-Volatile memory connection Show Connection
controllers Interface controller status
cops COPS information
debugging State of each debugging option derived-config Derived operating configuration
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dhcp Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol status dialer Dialer parameters and statistics
dlsw Data Link Switching information dnsix Shows Dnsix/DMDP information
drip DRiP DB
dspu Display DSPU information
dxi atm-dxi information
entry Queued terminal entries exception exception informations file Show filesystem information
flash: display information about flash: file system flh-log Flash Load Helper log buffer
frame-relay Frame-Relay information
fras FRAS Information
fras-host FRAS Host Information
funi FUNI information
history Display the session command history
hosts IP domain-name, lookup style, nameservers, and host . . .
6Router-1#show
As you can see, quite a few potential show commands are available to you. Remember that each one of these commands has specific parameters that you can specify.You can learn what each of these is by issuing the command followed by a question mark.Take a look at the parameters available for show interface:
6Router-1#show interface ?
Async Async interface
BVI Bridge-Group Virtual Interface CTunnel CTunnel interface
Dialer Dialer interface
Ethernet IEEE 802.3
Loopback Loopback interface
MFR Multilink Frame Relay bundle interface Multilink Multilink-group interface
Null Null interface
Serial Serial
Introduction to the Cisco IOS • Chapter 1 21
Vif PGM Multicast Host interface
Virtual-Template Virtual Template interface Virtual-TokenRing Virtual TokenRing
accounting Show interface accounting
crb Show interface routing/bridging info irb Show interface routing/bridging info mac-accounting Show interface MAC accounting info
precedence Show interface precedence accounting info rate-limit Show interface rate-limit info
summary Show interface summary
| Output modifiers
<cr>
Lex Lex interface
6Router-1#show interface
Although hundreds of potential show commands are available on a router, you will find a few universally useful in understanding and diagnosing your system configuration and operation, including show version, show running-configuration, and
show interface, which we will discuss further.
Using the show version Command
The show version command is a very useful command that enables an adminis- trator to discern the following system conditions and parameters:
■ System Platform
■ System IOS version
■ System Boot Rom Version
■ System Uptime
■ Reason for the last reboot
■ System Image File
■ Processor and Memory available
■ Physical Interfaces
■ Configuration Register
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This is a truly useful command in fully understanding the general informa- tion about your system.This information is also useful in understanding malfunc- tioning system states such as reboots and gives a good overall picture as to the operation of your router.The following code example demonstrates this com- mand for a Cisco 2500 router running IOS version 12.2(8)T:
6Router-1#show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-IS-L), Version 12.2(8)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)
TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Wed 13-Feb-02 21:11 by ccai
Image text-base: 0x0306DA78, data-base: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE
BOOTLDR: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), Version 10.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWA)
6Router-1 uptime is 1 week, 5 days, 21 hours, 39 minutes System returned to ROM by reload
System image file is "flash:c2500-is-l.122-8.T.bin"
cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision N) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 05606049, with hardware revision 00000000 Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
Configuration register is 0x2102
Introduction to the Cisco IOS • Chapter 1 23