ANS)A lifeboat must carry all the equipments described under SOLAS and LSA codes, which are passed for the survival at sea. This includes rations, fresh water, first aid, compass, distress- signaling equipments like rocket etc. A ship must carry one rescue boat for the rescuing purpose, along with other lifeboats. One of the lifeboats can be designated as a rescue boat, if more than two or more lifeboats are present onboard a ship.
Types of Lifeboat:
There are three types of lifeboats used on merchant vessels: Open Lifeboat:
As the name suggests, the open lifeboat has no roof and is normally propelled by manual power by using hand-propelled ores. Compression ignition engine may also be provided for the propulsion purpose. However, open lifeboats are becoming obsolete now because of stringent safety norms, but one may find them on older ship.
The open lifeboat doesn’t help much in rain or bad weather and the possibility of water ingress is the highest.
Closed lifeboat:
Closed lifeboats are the most popular lifeboats that are used on ships, for they are enclosed which saves the crew from seawater, strong wind and rough weather. Moreover, the water tight integrity is higher in this type of lifeboat and it can also get upright on its own if toppled over by waves. Closed lifeboats are further classified as – Partially enclosed and fully enclosed lifeboats.
Free fall lifeboat:
Free fall lifeboat is similar to an enclosed lifeboat but the process of launching is entirely different. They are aerodynamic in nature and thus the boat can penetrate the water without damaging the body when launched from the ship. The free fall lifeboat is located at the aft of the ship, which provides a maximum clear area for free fall.
Q101) Types of Lifeboat Release Mechanisms & SOLAS Requirements for Lifeboats?
ANS) There are different types of lifeboats used on board a ship on the basis of the type of ship and other special requirements. Not all the lifeboats have the same type of releasing mechanisms, for the launching of a lifeboat depends on several other factors. In this article we will take a look at the main types of lifeboat releasing mechanisms and also learn about the SOLAS requirements for lifeboats.
Types of lifeboat releases: On load and off load release.
There are two types of lifeboat releasing mechanisms- on load and off load. These mechanisms release the boat from the davit, which is attached to a wire or fall by means of a hook. By releasing the hook the lifeboat can be set free to propel away from the ship.
Off load mechanism:
The off load mechanism releases the boat after the load of the boat is transferred to water or the boat has been lowered fully into the sea. When the boat touches the surface of water, the load on the fall and hence the hook releases and due to its mechanism the hook detaches from the fall. If the detachment dose not takes place, any of the crewmembers can remove the hook from the fall. Most of the times the offload mechanism is manually disengaged in case of malfunction; however, in case of fire, it is dangerous to go out and release the hook.
On load mechanism: On load mechanism can release the lifeboat from the wire, with the ship above the water level and with all the crewmembers inside the boat. The load will be still on the fall, as the boat would not have touched the water. Normally the height of about 1 m is kept for the on load release, so that the fall is smooth without damaging the boat and harming the crew inside. A lever is provided inside the boat to operate this mechanism. As the lever is operated from inside, it is safe to free the boat without going out of the lifeboat, when there is a fire on ship.
Free Fall lifeboat release:
In Free fall lifeboat, the launching mechanism is similar to on- load release. The only difference is that the free fall lifeboat is not lowered till 1m above water level, it is launched from the stowed position by operating a lever located inside the boat, which releases the boat from rest of the davit, and boat slides through the tilted ramp into the water.
SOLAS and LSA code Requirements for lifeboat:
-The size, IMO number and the capacity of the lifeboat for a merchant vessel is decided by the type of the ship and number of ship’s crew, but it should not be less than 7.3 m in length and minimum two lifeboats are provided on both side of the ship (port and starboard).
-The requirement for lifeboat of a cargo ship with 20,000 GT is that the boat must be capable of launching when the ship is heading with a speed of 5 knots.
-The lifeboat must carry all the equipments described under SOLAS, which can be used in survival at sea. It includes rations, fresh water, first aid, compass, distress-signaling equipments
like rocket etc.
-The ship must carry one rescue boat for rescue purpose along with other lifeboats. One lifeboat can be designated as a rescue boat if more than one lifeboat is present onboard ship.
-The gravity davits must be hold and slide down the lifeboat even when the ship is heeled to an angle of 15 degree on either side. Ropes are used to hold the lifeboat in stowed position with cradle. These ropes are called gripes.
-The wires, which lift or lower the lifeboat are known as falls and the speed of the lifeboat descent should not be more then 36m/ min which is controlled by means of centrifugal brakes. -The hoisting time for the boat launching appliance should not be less than 0.3 m/sec with the boat loaded to its full capacity. -The Lifeboat must be painted in international bright orange color with the ship’s call sign printed on it.
-The lifeboat station must be easily accessible for all the crew members in all circumstances. Safety awareness posters and launching procedures must be posted at lifeboat station.
-Regular drills must be carried out to ensure that the ship’s crewmembers are capable of launching the boat with minimal time during real emergency.
Q102) Types of brakes on lifeboat? ANS) 1. Centrifugal brake
Q103) what is the function of limit switch in lifeboat davit system?
ANS) To stop lifeboat winch motor power, when we heave up life boat, so we prevent damages of our machinery with safety. ALSO FOR AVOIDING overloading OF MOTOR.